COMP/CMSDIST/gccxml4.patch

diff -Nur gccxml-0.6.0-p3/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/bits/basic_string.h gccxml-0.6.0-p4/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/bits/basic_string.h
--- gccxml-0.6.0-p3/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/bits/basic_string.h 1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100
+++ gccxml-0.6.0-p4/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/bits/basic_string.h 2007-08-22 16:17:35.000000000 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,4875 @@
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && (__GLIBCXX__ < 20050421)
+// Components for manipulating sequences of characters -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
+// Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
+// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
+// USA.
+
+// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
+// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
+// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
+// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
+// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
+// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
+// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
+// the GNU General Public License.
+
+//
+// ISO C++ 14882: 21 Strings library
+//
+
+/** @file basic_string.h
+ *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
+ *  You should not attempt to use it directly.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _BASIC_STRING_H
+#define _BASIC_STRING_H 1
+
+#pragma GCC system_header
+
+#include <bits/atomicity.h>
+#include <debug/debug.h>
+
+namespace std
+{
+  /**
+   *  @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
+   *  @brief  Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
+   *
+   *  @ingroup Containers
+   *  @ingroup Sequences
+   *
+   *  Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
+   *  <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
+   *  <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>.  Of the
+   *  <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
+   *  @c push_back, @c at, and array access are supported.
+   *
+   *  @doctodo
+   *
+   *
+   *  @if maint
+   *  Documentation?  What's that?
+   *  Nathan Myers <ncm@cantrip.org>.
+   *
+   *  A string looks like this:
+   *
+   *  @code
+   *                                        [_Rep]
+   *                                        _M_length
+   *   [basic_string<char_type>]            _M_capacity
+   *   _M_dataplus                          _M_refcount
+   *   _M_p ---------------->               unnamed array of char_type
+   *  @endcode
+   *
+   *  Where the _M_p points to the first character in the string, and
+   *  you cast it to a pointer-to-_Rep and subtract 1 to get a
+   *  pointer to the header.
+   *
+   *  This approach has the enormous advantage that a string object
+   *  requires only one allocation.  All the ugliness is confined
+   *  within a single pair of inline functions, which each compile to
+   *  a single "add" instruction: _Rep::_M_data(), and
+   *  string::_M_rep(); and the allocation function which gets a
+   *  block of raw bytes and with room enough and constructs a _Rep
+   *  object at the front.
+   *
+   *  The reason you want _M_data pointing to the character array and
+   *  not the _Rep is so that the debugger can see the string
+   *  contents. (Probably we should add a non-inline member to get
+   *  the _Rep for the debugger to use, so users can check the actual
+   *  string length.)
+   *
+   *  Note that the _Rep object is a POD so that you can have a
+   *  static "empty string" _Rep object already "constructed" before
+   *  static constructors have run.  The reference-count encoding is
+   *  chosen so that a 0 indicates one reference, so you never try to
+   *  destroy the empty-string _Rep object.
+   *
+   *  All but the last paragraph is considered pretty conventional
+   *  for a C++ string implementation.
+   *  @endif
+  */
+  // 21.3  Template class basic_string
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    class basic_string
+    {
+      // Types:
+    public:
+      typedef _Traits                                       traits_type;
+      typedef typename _Traits::char_type                   value_type;
+      typedef _Alloc                                        allocator_type;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::size_type                    size_type;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::difference_type              difference_type;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::reference                    reference;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::const_reference              const_reference;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::pointer                      pointer;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::const_pointer                const_pointer;
+      typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string>  iterator;
+      typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
+                                                            const_iterator;
+      typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>     const_reverse_iterator;
+      typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator>               reverse_iterator;
+
+    private:
+      // _Rep: string representation
+      //   Invariants:
+      //   1. String really contains _M_length + 1 characters: due to 21.3.4
+      //      must be kept null-terminated.
+      //   2. _M_capacity >= _M_length
+      //      Allocated memory is always (_M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT).
+      //   3. _M_refcount has three states:
+      //      -1: leaked, one reference, no ref-copies allowed, non-const.
+      //       0: one reference, non-const.
+      //     n>0: n + 1 references, operations require a lock, const.
+      //   4. All fields==0 is an empty string, given the extra storage
+      //      beyond-the-end for a null terminator; thus, the shared
+      //      empty string representation needs no constructor.
+
+      struct _Rep_base
+      {
+        size_type               _M_length;
+        size_type               _M_capacity;
+        _Atomic_word            _M_refcount;
+      };
+
+      struct _Rep : _Rep_base
+      {
+        // Types:
+        typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<char>::other _Raw_bytes_alloc;
+
+        // (Public) Data members:
+
+        // The maximum number of individual char_type elements of an
+        // individual string is determined by _S_max_size. This is the
+        // value that will be returned by max_size().  (Whereas npos
+        // is the maximum number of bytes the allocator can allocate.)
+        // If one was to divvy up the theoretical largest size string,
+        // with a terminating character and m _CharT elements, it'd
+        // look like this:
+        // npos = sizeof(_Rep) + (m * sizeof(_CharT)) + sizeof(_CharT)
+        // Solving for m:
+        // m = ((npos - sizeof(_Rep))/sizeof(CharT)) - 1
+        // In addition, this implementation quarters this amount.
+        static const size_type  _S_max_size;
+        static const _CharT     _S_terminal;
+
+        // The following storage is init'd to 0 by the linker, resulting
+        // (carefully) in an empty string with one reference.
+        static size_type _S_empty_rep_storage[];
+
+        static _Rep&
+        _S_empty_rep()
+        { return *reinterpret_cast<_Rep*>(&_S_empty_rep_storage); }
+
+        bool
+        _M_is_leaked() const
+        { return this->_M_refcount < 0; }
+
+        bool
+        _M_is_shared() const
+        { return this->_M_refcount > 0; }
+
+        void
+        _M_set_leaked()
+        { this->_M_refcount = -1; }
+
+        void
+        _M_set_sharable()
+        { this->_M_refcount = 0; }
+
+        void
+        _M_set_length_and_sharable(size_type __n)
+        { 
+          this->_M_set_sharable();  // One reference.
+          this->_M_length = __n;
+          this->_M_refdata()[__n] = _S_terminal; // grrr. (per 21.3.4)
+          // You cannot leave those LWG people alone for a second.
+        }
+
+        _CharT*
+        _M_refdata() throw()
+        { return reinterpret_cast<_CharT*>(this + 1); }
+
+        _CharT*
+        _M_grab(const _Alloc& __alloc1, const _Alloc& __alloc2)
+        {
+          return (!_M_is_leaked() && __alloc1 == __alloc2)
+                  ? _M_refcopy() : _M_clone(__alloc1);
+        }
+
+        // Create & Destroy
+        static _Rep*
+        _S_create(size_type, size_type, const _Alloc&);
+
+        void
+        _M_dispose(const _Alloc& __a)
+        {
+#ifndef _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING
+          if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
+#endif
+            if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add(&this->_M_refcount, -1) <= 0)
+              _M_destroy(__a);
+        }  // XXX MT
+
+        void
+        _M_destroy(const _Alloc&) throw();
+
+        _CharT*
+        _M_refcopy() throw()
+        {
+#ifndef _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING
+          if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
+#endif
+            __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add(&this->_M_refcount, 1);
+          return _M_refdata();
+        }  // XXX MT
+
+        _CharT*
+        _M_clone(const _Alloc&, size_type __res = 0);
+      };
+
+      // Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
+      struct _Alloc_hider : _Alloc
+      {
+        _Alloc_hider(_CharT* __dat, const _Alloc& __a)
+        : _Alloc(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
+
+        _CharT* _M_p; // The actual data.
+      };
+
+    public:
+      // Data Members (public):
+      // NB: This is an unsigned type, and thus represents the maximum
+      // size that the allocator can hold.
+      /// @var
+      /// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
+      static const size_type    npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
+
+    private:
+      // Data Members (private):
+      mutable _Alloc_hider      _M_dataplus;
+
+      _CharT*
+      _M_data() const
+      { return  _M_dataplus._M_p; }
+
+      _CharT*
+      _M_data(_CharT* __p)
+      { return (_M_dataplus._M_p = __p); }
+
+      _Rep*
+      _M_rep() const
+      { return &((reinterpret_cast<_Rep*> (_M_data()))[-1]); }
+
+      // For the internal use we have functions similar to `begin'/`end'
+      // but they do not call _M_leak.
+      iterator
+      _M_ibegin() const
+      { return iterator(_M_data()); }
+
+      iterator
+      _M_iend() const
+      { return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
+
+      void
+      _M_leak()    // for use in begin() & non-const op[]
+      {
+        if (!_M_rep()->_M_is_leaked())
+          _M_leak_hard();
+      }
+
+      size_type
+      _M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
+      {
+        if (__pos > this->size())
+          __throw_out_of_range(__N(__s));
+        return __pos;
+      }
+
+      void
+      _M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
+      {
+        if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
+          __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
+      }
+
+      // NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
+      size_type
+      _M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const
+      {
+        const bool __testoff =  __off < this->size() - __pos;
+        return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
+      }
+
+      // True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
+      bool
+      _M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const
+      {
+        less<const _CharT*> __less;
+        return (__less(__s, _M_data())
+                || __less(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
+      }
+
+      // When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
+      // traits_type::copy/move/assign.
+      static void
+      _M_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
+      {
+        if (__n == 1)
+          traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
+        else
+          traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
+      }
+
+      static void
+      _M_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
+      {
+        if (__n == 1)
+          traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
+        else
+          traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);       
+      }
+
+      static void
+      _M_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      {
+        if (__n == 1)
+          traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
+        else
+          traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);     
+      }
+
+      // _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
+      // to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
+      template<class _Iterator>
+        static void
+        _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
+        {
+          for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, ++__p)
+            traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
+        }
+
+      static void
+      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
+      { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
+
+      static void
+      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
+      { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
+
+      static void
+      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
+      { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
+
+      static void
+      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
+      { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
+
+      void
+      _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, size_type __len2);
+
+      void
+      _M_leak_hard();
+
+      static _Rep&
+      _S_empty_rep()
+      { return _Rep::_S_empty_rep(); }
+
+    public:
+      // Construct/copy/destroy:
+      // NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
+      // arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Default constructor creates an empty string.
+       */
+      inline
+      basic_string();
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct an empty string using allocator a.
+       */
+      explicit
+      basic_string(const _Alloc& __a);
+
+      // NB: per LWG issue 42, semantics different from IS:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string with copy of value of @a str.
+       *  @param  str  Source string.
+       */
+      basic_string(const basic_string& __str);
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
+       *  @param  str  Source string.
+       *  @param  pos  Index of first character to copy from.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
+       */
+      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
+                   size_type __n = npos);
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
+       *  @param  str  Source string.
+       *  @param  pos  Index of first character to copy from.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters to copy.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use.
+       */
+      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
+                   size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string initialized by a character array.
+       *  @param  s  Source character array.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters to copy.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
+       *
+       *  NB: s must have at least n characters, '\0' has no special
+       *  meaning.
+       */
+      basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
+                   const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a C string.
+       *  @param  s  Source C string.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
+       */
+      basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as multiple characters.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters.
+       *  @param  c  Character to use.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
+       */
+      basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a range.
+       *  @param  beg  Start of range.
+       *  @param  end  End of range.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
+       */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
+                     const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Destroy the string instance.
+       */
+      ~basic_string()
+      { _M_rep()->_M_dispose(this->get_allocator()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Assign the value of @a str to this string.
+       *  @param  str  Source string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator=(const basic_string& __str) 
+      { return this->assign(__str); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Copy contents of @a s into this string.
+       *  @param  s  Source null-terminated string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator=(const _CharT* __s) 
+      { return this->assign(__s); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to string of length 1.
+       *  @param  c  Source character.
+       *
+       *  Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
+       *  (*this)[0] == @a c.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator=(_CharT __c) 
+      { 
+        this->assign(1, __c); 
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      // Iterators:
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
+       *  the %string.  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      iterator
+      begin()
+      {
+        _M_leak();
+        return iterator(_M_data());
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
+       *  character in the %string.
+       */
+      const_iterator
+      begin() const
+      { return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
+       *  character in the %string.  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      iterator
+      end()
+      {
+        _M_leak();
+        return iterator(_M_data() + this->size());
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
+       *  last character in the %string.
+       */
+      const_iterator
+      end() const
+      { return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
+       *  character in the %string.  Iteration is done in reverse element
+       *  order.  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      reverse_iterator
+      rbegin()
+      { return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
+       *  to the last character in the %string.  Iteration is done in
+       *  reverse element order.
+       */
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      rbegin() const
+      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
+       *  first character in the %string.  Iteration is done in reverse
+       *  element order.  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      reverse_iterator
+      rend()
+      { return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
+       *  to one before the first character in the %string.  Iteration
+       *  is done in reverse element order.
+       */
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      rend() const
+      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
+
+    public:
+      // Capacity:
+      ///  Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
+      ///  null-termination.
+      size_type
+      size() const
+      { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
+
+      ///  Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
+      ///  null-termination.
+      size_type
+      length() const
+      { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
+
+      /// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
+      size_type
+      max_size() const
+      { return _Rep::_S_max_size; }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters the %string should contain.
+       *  @param  c  Character to fill any new elements.
+       *
+       *  This function will %resize the %string to the specified
+       *  number of characters.  If the number is smaller than the
+       *  %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
+       *  the %string is extended and new elements are set to @a c.
+       */
+      void
+      resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters the %string should contain.
+       *
+       *  This function will resize the %string to the specified length.  If
+       *  the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
+       *  is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
+       *  are default-constructed.  For basic types such as char, this means
+       *  setting them to 0.
+       */
+      void
+      resize(size_type __n)
+      { this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
+       *  before needing to allocate more memory.
+       */
+      size_type
+      capacity() const
+      { return _M_rep()->_M_capacity; }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
+       *          characters.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters required.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If @a n exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
+       *  %string to hold the specified number of characters.  If the
+       *  number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
+       *  thrown.
+       *
+       *  The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
+       *  necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
+       *  required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
+       *  prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
+       *  data.
+       */
+      void
+      reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
+
+      /**
+       *  Erases the string, making it empty.
+       */
+      void
+      clear()
+      { _M_mutate(0, this->size(), 0); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns true if the %string is empty.  Equivalent to *this == "".
+       */
+      bool
+      empty() const
+      { return this->size() == 0; }
+
+      // Element access:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
+       *  @param  n  The index of the character to access.
+       *  @return  Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
+       *
+       *  This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
+       *  Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
+       *  out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
+       *  see at().)
+       */
+      const_reference
+      operator[] (size_type __pos) const
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
+        return _M_data()[__pos];
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
+       *  @param  n  The index of the character to access.
+       *  @return  Read/write reference to the character.
+       *
+       *  This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
+       *  Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
+       *  out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
+       *  see at().)  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      reference
+      operator[](size_type __pos)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos < size());
+        _M_leak();
+        return _M_data()[__pos];
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
+       *  @param n The index of the character to access.
+       *  @return  Read-only (const) reference to the character.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a n is an invalid index.
+       *
+       *  This function provides for safer data access.  The parameter is
+       *  first checked that it is in the range of the string.  The function
+       *  throws out_of_range if the check fails.
+       */
+      const_reference
+      at(size_type __n) const
+      {
+        if (__n >= this->size())
+          __throw_out_of_range(__N("basic_string::at"));
+        return _M_data()[__n];
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
+       *  @param n The index of the character to access.
+       *  @return  Read/write reference to the character.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a n is an invalid index.
+       *
+       *  This function provides for safer data access.  The parameter is
+       *  first checked that it is in the range of the string.  The function
+       *  throws out_of_range if the check fails.  Success results in
+       *  unsharing the string.
+       */
+      reference
+      at(size_type __n)
+      {
+        if (__n >= size())
+          __throw_out_of_range(__N("basic_string::at"));
+        _M_leak();
+        return _M_data()[__n];
+      }
+
+      // Modifiers:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a string to this string.
+       *  @param str  The string to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
+      { return this->append(__str); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a C string.
+       *  @param s  The C string to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
+      { return this->append(__s); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a character.
+       *  @param s  The character to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator+=(_CharT __c)
+      { 
+        this->push_back(__c);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a string to this string.
+       *  @param str  The string to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(const basic_string& __str)
+      {
+        const size_type __size = __str.size();
+        if (__size)
+          {
+            const size_type __len = __size + this->size();
+            if (__len > this->capacity() || _M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
+              this->reserve(__len);
+            _M_copy(_M_data() + this->size(), __str._M_data(), __size);
+            _M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(__len);
+          }
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a substring.
+       *  @param str  The string to append.
+       *  @param pos  Index of the first character of str to append.
+       *  @param n  The number of characters to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
+       *
+       *  This function appends @a n characters from @a str starting at @a pos
+       *  to this string.  If @a n is is larger than the number of available
+       *  characters in @a str, the remainder of @a str is appended.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a C substring.
+       *  @param s  The C string to append.
+       *  @param n  The number of characters to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a C string.
+       *  @param s  The C string to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->append(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append multiple characters.
+       *  @param n  The number of characters to append.
+       *  @param c  The character to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  Appends n copies of c to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      {
+        if (__n)
+          {
+            _M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");   
+            const size_type __len = __n + this->size();
+            if (__len > this->capacity() || _M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
+              this->reserve(__len);
+            _M_assign(_M_data() + this->size(), __n, __c);
+            _M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(__len);
+          }
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a range of characters.
+       *  @param first  Iterator referencing the first character to append.
+       *  @param last  Iterator marking the end of the range.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  Appends characters in the range [first,last) to this string.
+       */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string&
+        append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
+        { return this->replace(_M_iend(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a single character.
+       *  @param c  Character to append.
+       */
+      void
+      push_back(_CharT __c)
+      { 
+        const size_type __len = 1 + this->size();
+        if (__len > this->capacity() || _M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
+          this->reserve(__len);
+        traits_type::assign(_M_data()[this->size()], __c);
+        _M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(__len);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to contents of another string.
+       *  @param  str  Source string to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(const basic_string& __str)
+      {
+        if (_M_rep() != __str._M_rep())
+          {
+            // XXX MT
+            const allocator_type __a = this->get_allocator();
+            _CharT* __tmp = __str._M_rep()->_M_grab(__a, __str.get_allocator());
+            _M_rep()->_M_dispose(__a);
+            _M_data(__tmp);
+          }
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to a substring of a string.
+       *  @param str  The string to use.
+       *  @param pos  Index of the first character of str.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
+       *
+       *  This function sets this string to the substring of @a str consisting
+       *  of @a n characters at @a pos.  If @a n is is larger than the number
+       *  of available characters in @a str, the remainder of @a str is used.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
+      { return this->assign(__str._M_data()
+                            + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
+                            __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to a C substring.
+       *  @param s  The C string to use.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  This function sets the value of this string to the first @a n
+       *  characters of @a s.  If @a n is is larger than the number of
+       *  available characters in @a s, the remainder of @a s is used.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to contents of a C string.
+       *  @param s  The C string to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a s.
+       *  The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a s once the
+       *  function returns.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->assign(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to multiple characters.
+       *  @param n  Length of the resulting string.
+       *  @param c  The character to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  This function sets the value of this string to @a n copies of
+       *  character @a c.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      { return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to a range of characters.
+       *  @param first  Iterator referencing the first character to append.
+       *  @param last  Iterator marking the end of the range.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  Sets value of string to characters in the range [first,last).
+      */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string&
+        assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
+        { return this->replace(_M_ibegin(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert multiple characters.
+       *  @param p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to insert
+       *  @param c  The character to insert.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Inserts @a n copies of character @a c starting at the position
+       *  referenced by iterator @a p.  If adding characters causes the length
+       *  to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the
+       *  string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      void
+      insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      { this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);  }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert a range of characters.
+       *  @param p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param beg  Start of range.
+       *  @param end  End of range.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Inserts characters in range [beg,end).  If adding characters causes
+       *  the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value
+       *  of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        void
+        insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
+        { this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert value of a string.
+       *  @param pos1  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param str  The string to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Inserts value of @a str starting at @a pos1.  If adding characters
+       *  causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The
+       *  value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
+      { return this->insert(__pos1, __str, size_type(0), __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert a substring.
+       *  @param pos1  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param str  The string to insert.
+       *  @param pos2  Start of characters in str to insert.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size() or
+       *  @a pos2 > @a str.size().
+       *
+       *  Starting at @a pos1, insert @a n character of @a str beginning with
+       *  @a pos2.  If adding characters causes the length to exceed
+       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  If @a pos1 is beyond the end of
+       *  this string or @a pos2 is beyond the end of @a str, out_of_range is
+       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
+       *  thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
+             size_type __pos2, size_type __n)
+      { return this->insert(__pos1, __str._M_data()
+                            + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
+                            __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert a C substring.
+       *  @param pos  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param s  The C string to insert.
+       *  @param n  The number of characters to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *
+       *  Inserts the first @a n characters of @a s starting at @a pos.  If
+       *  adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
+       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
+       *  thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert a C string.
+       *  @param pos  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param s  The C string to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *
+       *  Inserts the first @a n characters of @a s starting at @a pos.  If
+       *  adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
+       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
+       *  thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->insert(__pos, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert multiple characters.
+       *  @param pos  Index in string to insert at.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to insert
+       *  @param c  The character to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *
+       *  Inserts @a n copies of character @a c starting at index @a pos.  If
+       *  adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a pos > length(), out_of_range is
+       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
+       *  thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
+                              size_type(0), __n, __c); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert one character.
+       *  @param p  Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
+       *  @param c  The character to insert.
+       *  @return  Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Inserts character @a c at position referenced by @a p.  If adding
+       *  character causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is
+       *  thrown.  If @a p is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
+       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      iterator
+      insert(iterator __p, _CharT __c)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
+        const size_type __pos = __p - _M_ibegin();
+        _M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
+        _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
+        return this->_M_ibegin() + __pos;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Remove characters.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to remove (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *
+       *  Removes @a n characters from this string starting at @a pos.  The
+       *  length of the string is reduced by @a n.  If there are < @a n
+       *  characters to remove, the remainder of the string is truncated.  If
+       *  @a p is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  The value of
+       *  the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
+      { return _M_replace_safe(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
+                               _M_limit(__pos, __n), NULL, size_type(0)); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Remove one character.
+       *  @param position  Iterator referencing the character to remove.
+       *  @return  iterator referencing same location after removal.
+       *
+       *  Removes the character at @a position from this string. The value
+       *  of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      iterator
+      erase(iterator __position)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= _M_ibegin()
+                                 && __position < _M_iend());
+        const size_type __pos = __position - _M_ibegin();
+        _M_replace_safe(__pos, size_type(1), NULL, size_type(0));
+        _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
+        return _M_ibegin() + __pos;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Remove a range of characters.
+       *  @param first  Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
+       *  @param last  Iterator referencing the end of the range.
+       *  @return  Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
+       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      iterator
+      erase(iterator __first, iterator __last)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__first >= _M_ibegin() && __first <= __last
+                                 && __last <= _M_iend());
+        const size_type __pos = __first - _M_ibegin();
+        _M_replace_safe(__pos, __last - __first, NULL, size_type(0));
+        _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
+        return _M_ibegin() + __pos;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param str  String to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos+n) from this string.
+       *  In place, the value of @a str is inserted.  If @a pos is beyond end
+       *  of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of the result
+       *  exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string
+       *  doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
+      { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
+       *  @param pos1  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param str  String to insert.
+       *  @param pos2  Index of first character of str to use.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters from str to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size() or @a pos2 >
+       *  str.size().
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos1,pos1 + n) from this
+       *  string.  In place, the value of @a str is inserted.  If @a pos is
+       *  beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of the
+       *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the
+       *  string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
+              size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
+      { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
+                             + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
+                             __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C substring.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param str  C string to insert.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters from str to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size().
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
+       *  In place, the first @a n2 characters of @a str are inserted, or all
+       *  of @a str if @a n2 is too large.  If @a pos is beyond end of string,
+       *  out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
+       *  an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
+              size_type __n2);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C string.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param str  C string to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
+       *  In place, the first @a n characters of @a str are inserted.  If @a
+       *  pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length
+       *  of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of
+       *  the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with multiple characters.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters to insert.
+       *  @param c  Character to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
+       *  In place, @a n2 copies of @a c are inserted.  If @a pos is beyond
+       *  end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of result
+       *  exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string
+       *  doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
+      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
+                              _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string.
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param str  String value to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the value of
+       *  @a str is inserted.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
+       *  an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const basic_string& __str)
+      { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C substring.
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param s  C string value to insert.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the first @a
+       *  n characters of @a s are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
+       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
+       *  change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C string.
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param s  C string value to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the
+       *  characters of @a s are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
+       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
+       *  change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with multiple characters
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to insert.
+       *  @param c  Character to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, @a n copies
+       *  of @a c are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
+       *  an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with range.
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param k1  Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
+       *  @param k2  Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, characters
+       *  in the range [k1,k2) are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
+       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
+       *  change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string&
+        replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
+                _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
+        {
+          _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                   && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+          __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+          typedef typename _Is_integer<_InputIterator>::_Integral _Integral;
+          return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
+        }
+
+      // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
+      // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
+                             __k1, __k2 - __k1);
+      }
+
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
+              const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
+                             __k1, __k2 - __k1);
+      }
+
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
+                             __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
+      }
+
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
+              const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
+                             __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
+      }
+      
+    private:
+      template<class _Integer>
+        basic_string&
+        _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _Integer __n,
+                            _Integer __val, __true_type)
+        { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
+
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string&
+        _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _InputIterator __k1,
+                            _InputIterator __k2, __false_type);
+
+      basic_string&
+      _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
+                     _CharT __c)
+      {
+        _M_check_length(__n1, __n2, "basic_string::_M_replace_aux");
+        _M_mutate(__pos1, __n1, __n2);
+        if (__n2)
+          _M_assign(_M_data() + __pos1, __n2, __c);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      basic_string&
+      _M_replace_safe(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
+                      size_type __n2)
+      {
+        _M_mutate(__pos1, __n1, __n2);
+        if (__n2)
+          _M_copy(_M_data() + __pos1, __s, __n2);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      // _S_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
+      // requires special behaviour if _InIter is an integral type
+      template<class _InIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+        _S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
+                         const _Alloc& __a, __false_type)
+        {
+          typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
+          return _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a, _Tag());
+        }
+
+      template<class _InIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+        _S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
+                         const _Alloc& __a, __true_type)
+        { return _S_construct(static_cast<size_type>(__beg),
+                              static_cast<value_type>(__end), __a); }
+
+      template<class _InIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+        _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a)
+        {
+          typedef typename _Is_integer<_InIterator>::_Integral _Integral;
+          return _S_construct_aux(__beg, __end, __a, _Integral());
+        }
+
+      // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
+      template<class _InIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+         _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
+                      input_iterator_tag);
+
+      // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
+      // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
+      template<class _FwdIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+        _S_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
+                     forward_iterator_tag);
+
+      static _CharT*
+      _S_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
+
+    public:
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Copy substring into C string.
+       *  @param s  C string to copy value into.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to copy.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to copy.
+       *  @return  Number of characters actually copied
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If pos > size().
+       *
+       *  Copies up to @a n characters starting at @a pos into the C string @a
+       *  s.  If @a pos is greater than size(), out_of_range is thrown.
+      */
+      size_type
+      copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Swap contents with another string.
+       *  @param s  String to swap with.
+       *
+       *  Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a s in constant
+       *  time.
+      */
+      void
+      swap(basic_string& __s);
+
+      // String operations:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
+       *
+       *  This is a handle to internal data.  Do not modify or dire things may
+       *  happen.
+      */
+      const _CharT*
+      c_str() const
+      { return _M_data(); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Return const pointer to contents.
+       *
+       *  This is a handle to internal data.  Do not modify or dire things may
+       *  happen.
+      */
+      const _CharT*
+      data() const
+      { return _M_data(); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
+      */
+      allocator_type
+      get_allocator() const
+      { return _M_dataplus; }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from @a s to search for.
+       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for the first @a n characters
+       *  in @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index where it
+       *  begins.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a string.
+       *  @param str  String to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for value of @a str within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
+       *  found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      { return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a C string.
+       *  @param s  C string to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for the value of @a s within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
+       *  found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character.
+       *  @param c  Character to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for @a c within this string.
+       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
+       *  returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a string.
+       *  @param str  String to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
+       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for value of @a str within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
+       *  found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      { return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to search for.
+       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for the first @a n
+       *  characters in @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it begins.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a C string.
+       *  @param s  C string to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to start search at (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of start of  last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for the value of @a s within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
+       *  found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character.
+       *  @param c  Character to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for @a c within this string.
+       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
+       *  returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character of string.
+       *  @param str  String containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for one of the characters of
+       *  @a str within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      { return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character of C substring.
+       *  @param s  String containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to search for.
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for one of the first @a n
+       *  characters of @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character of C string.
+       *  @param s  String containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for one of the characters of
+       *  @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character.
+       *  @param c  Character to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for the character @a c within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If
+       *  not found, returns npos.
+       *
+       *  Note: equivalent to find(c, pos).
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      { return this->find(__c, __pos); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of string.
+       *  @param str  String containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for one of the characters of
+       *  @a str within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      { return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to search for.
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for one of the first @a n
+       *  characters of @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of C string.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for one of the characters of
+       *  @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character.
+       *  @param c  Character to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for @a c within this string.
+       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
+       *  returns npos.
+       *
+       *  Note: equivalent to rfind(c, pos).
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      { return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in string.
+       *  @param str  String containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for a character not contained
+       *  in @a str within this string.  If found, returns the index where it
+       *  was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      { return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to consider.
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for a character not contained
+       *  in the first @a n characters of @a s within this string.  If found,
+       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
+                        size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C string.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for a character not contained
+       *  in @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index where it
+       *  was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a different character.
+       *  @param c  Character to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for a character other than @a c
+       *  within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was found.
+       *  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in string.
+       *  @param str  String containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for a character not
+       *  contained in @a str within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      { return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to consider.
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for a character not
+       *  contained in the first @a n characters of @a s within this string.
+       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
+       *  returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
+                       size_type __n) const;
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C string.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for a character not
+       *  contained in @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a different character.
+       *  @param c  Character to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for a character other than
+       *  @a c within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Get a substring.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
+       *  @return  The new string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If pos > size().
+       *
+       *  Construct and return a new string using the @a n characters starting
+       *  at @a pos.  If the string is too short, use the remainder of the
+       *  characters.  If @a pos is beyond the end of the string, out_of_range
+       *  is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string
+      substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
+      { return basic_string(*this,
+                            _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare to a string.
+       *  @param str  String to compare against.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a str, 0 if
+       *  their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
+       *  @a str.  If the lengths of @a str and this string are different, the
+       *  shorter one is ordered first.  If they are the same, returns the
+       *  result of traits::compare(data(),str.data(),size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(const basic_string& __str) const
+      {
+        const size_type __size = this->size();
+        const size_type __osize = __str.size();
+        const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
+
+        int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
+        if (!__r)
+          __r =  __size - __osize;
+        return __r;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare substring to a string.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character of substring.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters in substring.
+       *  @param str  String to compare against.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a n characters starting
+       *  at @a pos.  Returns an integer < 0 if the substring is ordered
+       *  before @a str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if the
+       *  substring is ordered after @a str.  If the lengths @a of str and the
+       *  substring are different, the shorter one is ordered first.  If they
+       *  are the same, returns the result of
+       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare substring to a substring.
+       *  @param pos1  Index of first character of substring.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters in substring.
+       *  @param str  String to compare against.
+       *  @param pos2  Index of first character of substring of str.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters in substring of str.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a n1 characters starting
+       *  at @a pos1.  Form the substring of @a str from the @a n2 characters
+       *  starting at @a pos2.  Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is
+       *  ordered before the substring of @a str, 0 if their values are
+       *  equivalent, or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring
+       *  of @a str.  If the lengths of the substring of @a str and this
+       *  substring are different, the shorter one is ordered first.  If they
+       *  are the same, returns the result of
+       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
+              size_type __pos2, size_type __n2) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare to a C string.
+       *  @param s  C string to compare against.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a s, 0 if
+       *  their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
+       *  @a s.  If the lengths of @a s and this string are different, the
+       *  shorter one is ordered first.  If they are the same, returns the
+       *  result of traits::compare(data(),s,size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(const _CharT* __s) const;
+
+      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
+      // 5 String::compare specification questionable
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare substring to a C string.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character of substring.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters in substring.
+       *  @param s  C string to compare against.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a n1 characters starting
+       *  at @a pos.  Returns an integer < 0 if the substring is ordered
+       *  before @a s, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if the
+       *  substring is ordered after @a s.  If the lengths of @a s and the
+       *  substring are different, the shorter one is ordered first.  If they
+       *  are the same, returns the result of
+       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),s,size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare substring against a character array.
+       *  @param pos1  Index of first character of substring.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters in substring.
+       *  @param s  character array to compare against.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters of s.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a n1 characters starting
+       *  at @a pos1.  Form a string from the first @a n2 characters of @a s.
+       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before the string
+       *  from @a s, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
+       *  is ordered after the string from @a s. If the lengths of this
+       *  substring and @a n2 are different, the shorter one is ordered first.
+       *  If they are the same, returns the result of
+       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),s,size());
+       *
+       *  NB: s must have at least n2 characters, '\0' has no special
+       *  meaning.
+      */
+      int
+      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
+              size_type __n2) const;
+  };
+
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
+    basic_string()
+#ifndef _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING
+    : _M_dataplus(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata(), _Alloc()) { }
+#else
+    : _M_dataplus(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), _Alloc()), _Alloc()) { }
+#endif
+
+  // operator+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate two strings.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with value of @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    {
+      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
+      __str.append(__rhs);
+      return __str;
+    }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate C string and string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with value of @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
+    operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate character and string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
+    operator+(_CharT __lhs, const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate string and C string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+             const _CharT* __rhs)
+    {
+      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
+      __str.append(__rhs);
+      return __str;
+    }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate string and character.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs, _CharT __rhs)
+    {
+      typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>     __string_type;
+      typedef typename __string_type::size_type         __size_type;
+      __string_type __str(__lhs);
+      __str.append(__size_type(1), __rhs);
+      return __str;
+    }
+
+  // operator ==
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test equivalence of two strings.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs.compare(@a rhs) == 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test equivalence of C string and string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a rhs.compare(@a lhs) == 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator==(const _CharT* __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) == 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test equivalence of string and C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs.compare(@a rhs) == 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
+
+  // operator !=
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test difference of two strings.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs.compare(@a rhs) != 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) != 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test difference of C string and string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a rhs.compare(@a lhs) != 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator!=(const _CharT* __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) != 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test difference of string and C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs.compare(@a rhs) != 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) != 0; }
+
+  // operator <
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string precedes string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs precedes @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string precedes C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs precedes @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if C string precedes string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs precedes @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<(const _CharT* __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) > 0; }
+
+  // operator >
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string follows string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs follows @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string follows C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs follows @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if C string follows string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs follows @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>(const _CharT* __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) < 0; }
+
+  // operator <=
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't follow string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't follow @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't follow C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't follow @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if C string doesn't follow string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't follow @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<=(const _CharT* __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+  { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) >= 0; }
+
+  // operator >=
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't precede string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't precede @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't precede C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't precede @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if C string doesn't precede string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't precede @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>=(const _CharT* __lhs,
+             const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) <= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Swap contents of two strings.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *
+   *  Exchanges the contents of @a lhs and @a rhs in constant time.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline void
+    swap(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+         basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { __lhs.swap(__rhs); }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Read stream into a string.
+   *  @param is  Input stream.
+   *  @param str  Buffer to store into.
+   *  @return  Reference to the input stream.
+   *
+   *  Stores characters from @a is into @a str until whitespace is found, the
+   *  end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size() is reached.  If
+   *  is.width() is non-zero, that is the limit on the number of characters
+   *  stored into @a str.  Any previous contents of @a str are erased.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Write string to a stream.
+   *  @param os  Output stream.
+   *  @param str  String to write out.
+   *  @return  Reference to the output stream.
+   *
+   *  Output characters of @a str into os following the same rules as for
+   *  writing a C string.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Read a line from stream into a string.
+   *  @param is  Input stream.
+   *  @param str  Buffer to store into.
+   *  @param delim  Character marking end of line.
+   *  @return  Reference to the input stream.
+   *
+   *  Stores characters from @a is into @a str until @a delim is found, the
+   *  end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size() is reached.  If
+   *  is.width() is non-zero, that is the limit on the number of characters
+   *  stored into @a str.  Any previous contents of @a str are erased.  If @a
+   *  delim was encountered, it is extracted but not stored into @a str.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_istream<_CharT,_Traits>&
+    getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+            basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Read a line from stream into a string.
+   *  @param is  Input stream.
+   *  @param str  Buffer to store into.
+   *  @return  Reference to the input stream.
+   *
+   *  Stores characters from is into @a str until '\n' is found, the end of
+   *  the stream is encountered, or str.max_size() is reached.  If is.width()
+   *  is non-zero, that is the limit on the number of characters stored into
+   *  @a str.  Any previous contents of @a str are erased.  If end of line was
+   *  encountered, it is extracted but not stored into @a str.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline basic_istream<_CharT,_Traits>&
+    getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+            basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
+} // namespace std
+
+#endif /* _BASIC_STRING_H */
+#else /* ! __APPLE__ */
+// Components for manipulating sequences of characters -*- C++ -*-
+
+// Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
+// Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+//
+// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
+// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+// any later version.
+
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
+// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
+// USA.
+
+// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
+// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
+// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
+// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
+// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
+// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
+// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
+// the GNU General Public License.
+
+//
+// ISO C++ 14882: 21 Strings library
+//
+
+/** @file basic_string.h
+ *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
+ *  You should not attempt to use it directly.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _BASIC_STRING_H
+#define _BASIC_STRING_H 1
+
+#pragma GCC system_header
+
+#include <bits/atomicity.h>
+#include <debug/debug.h>
+
+namespace std
+{
+  /**
+   *  @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
+   *  @brief  Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
+   *
+   *  @ingroup Containers
+   *  @ingroup Sequences
+   *
+   *  Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
+   *  <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
+   *  <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>.  Of the
+   *  <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
+   *  @c push_back, @c at, and array access are supported.
+   *
+   *  @doctodo
+   *
+   *
+   *  @if maint
+   *  Documentation?  What's that?
+   *  Nathan Myers <ncm@cantrip.org>.
+   *
+   *  A string looks like this:
+   *
+   *  @code
+   *                                        [_Rep]
+   *                                        _M_length
+   *   [basic_string<char_type>]            _M_capacity
+   *   _M_dataplus                          _M_refcount
+   *   _M_p ---------------->               unnamed array of char_type
+   *  @endcode
+   *
+   *  Where the _M_p points to the first character in the string, and
+   *  you cast it to a pointer-to-_Rep and subtract 1 to get a
+   *  pointer to the header.
+   *
+   *  This approach has the enormous advantage that a string object
+   *  requires only one allocation.  All the ugliness is confined
+   *  within a single pair of inline functions, which each compile to
+   *  a single "add" instruction: _Rep::_M_data(), and
+   *  string::_M_rep(); and the allocation function which gets a
+   *  block of raw bytes and with room enough and constructs a _Rep
+   *  object at the front.
+   *
+   *  The reason you want _M_data pointing to the character array and
+   *  not the _Rep is so that the debugger can see the string
+   *  contents. (Probably we should add a non-inline member to get
+   *  the _Rep for the debugger to use, so users can check the actual
+   *  string length.)
+   *
+   *  Note that the _Rep object is a POD so that you can have a
+   *  static "empty string" _Rep object already "constructed" before
+   *  static constructors have run.  The reference-count encoding is
+   *  chosen so that a 0 indicates one reference, so you never try to
+   *  destroy the empty-string _Rep object.
+   *
+   *  All but the last paragraph is considered pretty conventional
+   *  for a C++ string implementation.
+   *  @endif
+  */
+  // 21.3  Template class basic_string
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    class basic_string
+    {
+      // Types:
+    public:
+      typedef _Traits                                       traits_type;
+      typedef typename _Traits::char_type                   value_type;
+      typedef _Alloc                                        allocator_type;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::size_type                    size_type;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::difference_type              difference_type;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::reference                    reference;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::const_reference              const_reference;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::pointer                      pointer;
+      typedef typename _Alloc::const_pointer                const_pointer;
+      typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string>  iterator;
+      typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
+                                                            const_iterator;
+      typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>     const_reverse_iterator;
+      typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator>               reverse_iterator;
+
+    private:
+      // _Rep: string representation
+      //   Invariants:
+      //   1. String really contains _M_length + 1 characters: due to 21.3.4
+      //      must be kept null-terminated.
+      //   2. _M_capacity >= _M_length
+      //      Allocated memory is always (_M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT).
+      //   3. _M_refcount has three states:
+      //      -1: leaked, one reference, no ref-copies allowed, non-const.
+      //       0: one reference, non-const.
+      //     n>0: n + 1 references, operations require a lock, const.
+      //   4. All fields==0 is an empty string, given the extra storage
+      //      beyond-the-end for a null terminator; thus, the shared
+      //      empty string representation needs no constructor.
+
+      struct _Rep_base
+      {
+        size_type               _M_length;
+        size_type               _M_capacity;
+        _Atomic_word            _M_refcount;
+      };
+
+      struct _Rep : _Rep_base
+      {
+        // Types:
+        typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<char>::other _Raw_bytes_alloc;
+
+        // (Public) Data members:
+
+        // The maximum number of individual char_type elements of an
+        // individual string is determined by _S_max_size. This is the
+        // value that will be returned by max_size().  (Whereas npos
+        // is the maximum number of bytes the allocator can allocate.)
+        // If one was to divvy up the theoretical largest size string,
+        // with a terminating character and m _CharT elements, it'd
+        // look like this:
+        // npos = sizeof(_Rep) + (m * sizeof(_CharT)) + sizeof(_CharT)
+        // Solving for m:
+        // m = ((npos - sizeof(_Rep))/sizeof(CharT)) - 1
+        // In addition, this implementation quarters this amount.
+        static const size_type  _S_max_size;
+        static const _CharT     _S_terminal;
+
+        // The following storage is init'd to 0 by the linker, resulting
+        // (carefully) in an empty string with one reference.
+        static size_type _S_empty_rep_storage[];
+
+        static _Rep&
+        _S_empty_rep()
+        { return *reinterpret_cast<_Rep*>(&_S_empty_rep_storage); }
+
+        bool
+        _M_is_leaked() const
+        { return this->_M_refcount < 0; }
+
+        bool
+        _M_is_shared() const
+        { return this->_M_refcount > 0; }
+
+        void
+        _M_set_leaked()
+        { this->_M_refcount = -1; }
+
+        void
+        _M_set_sharable()
+        { this->_M_refcount = 0; }
+
+        void
+        _M_set_length_and_sharable(size_type __n)
+        { 
+          this->_M_set_sharable();  // One reference.
+          this->_M_length = __n;
+          this->_M_refdata()[__n] = _S_terminal; // grrr. (per 21.3.4)
+          // You cannot leave those LWG people alone for a second.
+        }
+
+        _CharT*
+        _M_refdata() throw()
+        { return reinterpret_cast<_CharT*>(this + 1); }
+
+        _CharT*
+        _M_grab(const _Alloc& __alloc1, const _Alloc& __alloc2)
+        {
+          return (!_M_is_leaked() && __alloc1 == __alloc2)
+                  ? _M_refcopy() : _M_clone(__alloc1);
+        }
+
+        // Create & Destroy
+        static _Rep*
+        _S_create(size_type, size_type, const _Alloc&);
+
+        void
+        _M_dispose(const _Alloc& __a)
+        {
+#ifndef _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING
+          if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
+#endif
+            if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add(&this->_M_refcount, -1) <= 0)
+              _M_destroy(__a);
+        }  // XXX MT
+
+        void
+        _M_destroy(const _Alloc&) throw();
+
+        _CharT*
+        _M_refcopy() throw()
+        {
+#ifndef _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING
+          if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
+#endif
+            __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add(&this->_M_refcount, 1);
+          return _M_refdata();
+        }  // XXX MT
+
+        _CharT*
+        _M_clone(const _Alloc&, size_type __res = 0);
+      };
+
+      // Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
+      struct _Alloc_hider : _Alloc
+      {
+        _Alloc_hider(_CharT* __dat, const _Alloc& __a)
+        : _Alloc(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
+
+        _CharT* _M_p; // The actual data.
+      };
+
+    public:
+      // Data Members (public):
+      // NB: This is an unsigned type, and thus represents the maximum
+      // size that the allocator can hold.
+      ///  Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
+      static const size_type    npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
+
+    private:
+      // Data Members (private):
+      mutable _Alloc_hider      _M_dataplus;
+
+      _CharT*
+      _M_data() const
+      { return  _M_dataplus._M_p; }
+
+      _CharT*
+      _M_data(_CharT* __p)
+      { return (_M_dataplus._M_p = __p); }
+
+      _Rep*
+      _M_rep() const
+      { return &((reinterpret_cast<_Rep*> (_M_data()))[-1]); }
+
+      // For the internal use we have functions similar to `begin'/`end'
+      // but they do not call _M_leak.
+      iterator
+      _M_ibegin() const
+      { return iterator(_M_data()); }
+
+      iterator
+      _M_iend() const
+      { return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
+
+      void
+      _M_leak()    // for use in begin() & non-const op[]
+      {
+        if (!_M_rep()->_M_is_leaked())
+          _M_leak_hard();
+      }
+
+      size_type
+      _M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
+      {
+        if (__pos > this->size())
+          __throw_out_of_range(__N(__s));
+        return __pos;
+      }
+
+      void
+      _M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
+      {
+        if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
+          __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
+      }
+
+      // NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
+      size_type
+      _M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const
+      {
+        const bool __testoff =  __off < this->size() - __pos;
+        return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
+      }
+
+      // True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
+      bool
+      _M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const
+      {
+        less<const _CharT*> __less;
+        return (__less(__s, _M_data())
+                || __less(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
+      }
+
+      // When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
+      // traits_type::copy/move/assign.
+      static void
+      _M_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
+      {
+        if (__n == 1)
+          traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
+        else
+          traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
+      }
+
+      static void
+      _M_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
+      {
+        if (__n == 1)
+          traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
+        else
+          traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);       
+      }
+
+      static void
+      _M_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      {
+        if (__n == 1)
+          traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
+        else
+          traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);     
+      }
+
+      // _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
+      // to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
+      template<class _Iterator>
+        static void
+        _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
+        {
+          for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, ++__p)
+            traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
+        }
+
+      static void
+      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
+      { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
+
+      static void
+      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
+      { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
+
+      static void
+      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
+      { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
+
+      static void
+      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
+      { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
+
+      void
+      _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, size_type __len2);
+
+      void
+      _M_leak_hard();
+
+      static _Rep&
+      _S_empty_rep()
+      { return _Rep::_S_empty_rep(); }
+
+    public:
+      // Construct/copy/destroy:
+      // NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
+      // arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Default constructor creates an empty string.
+       */
+      inline
+      basic_string();
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct an empty string using allocator a.
+       */
+      explicit
+      basic_string(const _Alloc& __a);
+
+      // NB: per LWG issue 42, semantics different from IS:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string with copy of value of @a str.
+       *  @param  str  Source string.
+       */
+      basic_string(const basic_string& __str);
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
+       *  @param  str  Source string.
+       *  @param  pos  Index of first character to copy from.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
+       */
+      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
+                   size_type __n = npos);
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
+       *  @param  str  Source string.
+       *  @param  pos  Index of first character to copy from.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters to copy.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use.
+       */
+      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
+                   size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string initialized by a character array.
+       *  @param  s  Source character array.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters to copy.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
+       *
+       *  NB: s must have at least n characters, '\0' has no special
+       *  meaning.
+       */
+      basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
+                   const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a C string.
+       *  @param  s  Source C string.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
+       */
+      basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as multiple characters.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters.
+       *  @param  c  Character to use.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
+       */
+      basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a range.
+       *  @param  beg  Start of range.
+       *  @param  end  End of range.
+       *  @param  a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
+       */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
+                     const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Destroy the string instance.
+       */
+      ~basic_string()
+      { _M_rep()->_M_dispose(this->get_allocator()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Assign the value of @a str to this string.
+       *  @param  str  Source string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator=(const basic_string& __str) 
+      { return this->assign(__str); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Copy contents of @a s into this string.
+       *  @param  s  Source null-terminated string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator=(const _CharT* __s) 
+      { return this->assign(__s); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to string of length 1.
+       *  @param  c  Source character.
+       *
+       *  Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
+       *  (*this)[0] == @a c.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator=(_CharT __c) 
+      { 
+        this->assign(1, __c); 
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      // Iterators:
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
+       *  the %string.  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      iterator
+      begin()
+      {
+        _M_leak();
+        return iterator(_M_data());
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
+       *  character in the %string.
+       */
+      const_iterator
+      begin() const
+      { return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
+       *  character in the %string.  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      iterator
+      end()
+      {
+        _M_leak();
+        return iterator(_M_data() + this->size());
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
+       *  last character in the %string.
+       */
+      const_iterator
+      end() const
+      { return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
+       *  character in the %string.  Iteration is done in reverse element
+       *  order.  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      reverse_iterator
+      rbegin()
+      { return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
+       *  to the last character in the %string.  Iteration is done in
+       *  reverse element order.
+       */
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      rbegin() const
+      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
+       *  first character in the %string.  Iteration is done in reverse
+       *  element order.  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      reverse_iterator
+      rend()
+      { return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
+       *  to one before the first character in the %string.  Iteration
+       *  is done in reverse element order.
+       */
+      const_reverse_iterator
+      rend() const
+      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
+
+    public:
+      // Capacity:
+      ///  Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
+      ///  null-termination.
+      size_type
+      size() const
+      { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
+
+      ///  Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
+      ///  null-termination.
+      size_type
+      length() const
+      { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
+
+      /// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
+      size_type
+      max_size() const
+      { return _Rep::_S_max_size; }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters the %string should contain.
+       *  @param  c  Character to fill any new elements.
+       *
+       *  This function will %resize the %string to the specified
+       *  number of characters.  If the number is smaller than the
+       *  %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
+       *  the %string is extended and new elements are set to @a c.
+       */
+      void
+      resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters the %string should contain.
+       *
+       *  This function will resize the %string to the specified length.  If
+       *  the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
+       *  is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
+       *  are default-constructed.  For basic types such as char, this means
+       *  setting them to 0.
+       */
+      void
+      resize(size_type __n)
+      { this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
+       *  before needing to allocate more memory.
+       */
+      size_type
+      capacity() const
+      { return _M_rep()->_M_capacity; }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
+       *          characters.
+       *  @param  n  Number of characters required.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If @a n exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
+       *  %string to hold the specified number of characters.  If the
+       *  number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
+       *  thrown.
+       *
+       *  The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
+       *  necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
+       *  required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
+       *  prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
+       *  data.
+       */
+      void
+      reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
+
+      /**
+       *  Erases the string, making it empty.
+       */
+      void
+      clear()
+      { _M_mutate(0, this->size(), 0); }
+
+      /**
+       *  Returns true if the %string is empty.  Equivalent to *this == "".
+       */
+      bool
+      empty() const
+      { return this->size() == 0; }
+
+      // Element access:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
+       *  @param  n  The index of the character to access.
+       *  @return  Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
+       *
+       *  This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
+       *  Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
+       *  out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
+       *  see at().)
+       */
+      const_reference
+      operator[] (size_type __pos) const
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
+        return _M_data()[__pos];
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
+       *  @param  n  The index of the character to access.
+       *  @return  Read/write reference to the character.
+       *
+       *  This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
+       *  Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
+       *  out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
+       *  see at().)  Unshares the string.
+       */
+      reference
+      operator[](size_type __pos)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos < size());
+        _M_leak();
+        return _M_data()[__pos];
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
+       *  @param n The index of the character to access.
+       *  @return  Read-only (const) reference to the character.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a n is an invalid index.
+       *
+       *  This function provides for safer data access.  The parameter is
+       *  first checked that it is in the range of the string.  The function
+       *  throws out_of_range if the check fails.
+       */
+      const_reference
+      at(size_type __n) const
+      {
+        if (__n >= this->size())
+          __throw_out_of_range(__N("basic_string::at"));
+        return _M_data()[__n];
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
+       *  @param n The index of the character to access.
+       *  @return  Read/write reference to the character.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a n is an invalid index.
+       *
+       *  This function provides for safer data access.  The parameter is
+       *  first checked that it is in the range of the string.  The function
+       *  throws out_of_range if the check fails.  Success results in
+       *  unsharing the string.
+       */
+      reference
+      at(size_type __n)
+      {
+        if (__n >= size())
+          __throw_out_of_range(__N("basic_string::at"));
+        _M_leak();
+        return _M_data()[__n];
+      }
+
+      // Modifiers:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a string to this string.
+       *  @param str  The string to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
+      { return this->append(__str); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a C string.
+       *  @param s  The C string to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
+      { return this->append(__s); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a character.
+       *  @param s  The character to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      operator+=(_CharT __c)
+      { 
+        this->push_back(__c);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a string to this string.
+       *  @param str  The string to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(const basic_string& __str);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a substring.
+       *  @param str  The string to append.
+       *  @param pos  Index of the first character of str to append.
+       *  @param n  The number of characters to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
+       *
+       *  This function appends @a n characters from @a str starting at @a pos
+       *  to this string.  If @a n is is larger than the number of available
+       *  characters in @a str, the remainder of @a str is appended.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a C substring.
+       *  @param s  The C string to append.
+       *  @param n  The number of characters to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a C string.
+       *  @param s  The C string to append.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->append(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append multiple characters.
+       *  @param n  The number of characters to append.
+       *  @param c  The character to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  Appends n copies of c to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      append(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a range of characters.
+       *  @param first  Iterator referencing the first character to append.
+       *  @param last  Iterator marking the end of the range.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  Appends characters in the range [first,last) to this string.
+       */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string&
+        append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
+        { return this->replace(_M_iend(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Append a single character.
+       *  @param c  Character to append.
+       */
+      void
+      push_back(_CharT __c)
+      { 
+        const size_type __len = 1 + this->size();
+        if (__len > this->capacity() || _M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
+          this->reserve(__len);
+        traits_type::assign(_M_data()[this->size()], __c);
+        _M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(__len);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to contents of another string.
+       *  @param  str  Source string to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(const basic_string& __str);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to a substring of a string.
+       *  @param str  The string to use.
+       *  @param pos  Index of the first character of str.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
+       *
+       *  This function sets this string to the substring of @a str consisting
+       *  of @a n characters at @a pos.  If @a n is is larger than the number
+       *  of available characters in @a str, the remainder of @a str is used.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
+      { return this->assign(__str._M_data()
+                            + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
+                            __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to a C substring.
+       *  @param s  The C string to use.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  This function sets the value of this string to the first @a n
+       *  characters of @a s.  If @a n is is larger than the number of
+       *  available characters in @a s, the remainder of @a s is used.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to contents of a C string.
+       *  @param s  The C string to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a s.
+       *  The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a s once the
+       *  function returns.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->assign(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to multiple characters.
+       *  @param n  Length of the resulting string.
+       *  @param c  The character to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  This function sets the value of this string to @a n copies of
+       *  character @a c.
+       */
+      basic_string&
+      assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      { return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Set value to a range of characters.
+       *  @param first  Iterator referencing the first character to append.
+       *  @param last  Iterator marking the end of the range.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *
+       *  Sets value of string to characters in the range [first,last).
+      */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string&
+        assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
+        { return this->replace(_M_ibegin(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert multiple characters.
+       *  @param p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to insert
+       *  @param c  The character to insert.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Inserts @a n copies of character @a c starting at the position
+       *  referenced by iterator @a p.  If adding characters causes the length
+       *  to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the
+       *  string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      void
+      insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      { this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);  }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert a range of characters.
+       *  @param p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param beg  Start of range.
+       *  @param end  End of range.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Inserts characters in range [beg,end).  If adding characters causes
+       *  the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value
+       *  of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        void
+        insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
+        { this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert value of a string.
+       *  @param pos1  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param str  The string to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Inserts value of @a str starting at @a pos1.  If adding characters
+       *  causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The
+       *  value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
+      { return this->insert(__pos1, __str, size_type(0), __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert a substring.
+       *  @param pos1  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param str  The string to insert.
+       *  @param pos2  Start of characters in str to insert.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size() or
+       *  @a pos2 > @a str.size().
+       *
+       *  Starting at @a pos1, insert @a n character of @a str beginning with
+       *  @a pos2.  If adding characters causes the length to exceed
+       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  If @a pos1 is beyond the end of
+       *  this string or @a pos2 is beyond the end of @a str, out_of_range is
+       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
+       *  thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
+             size_type __pos2, size_type __n)
+      { return this->insert(__pos1, __str._M_data()
+                            + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
+                            __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert a C substring.
+       *  @param pos  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param s  The C string to insert.
+       *  @param n  The number of characters to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *
+       *  Inserts the first @a n characters of @a s starting at @a pos.  If
+       *  adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
+       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
+       *  thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert a C string.
+       *  @param pos  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
+       *  @param s  The C string to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *
+       *  Inserts the first @a n characters of @a s starting at @a pos.  If
+       *  adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
+       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
+       *  thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->insert(__pos, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert multiple characters.
+       *  @param pos  Index in string to insert at.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to insert
+       *  @param c  The character to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *
+       *  Inserts @a n copies of character @a c starting at index @a pos.  If
+       *  adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a pos > length(), out_of_range is
+       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
+       *  thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
+                              size_type(0), __n, __c); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Insert one character.
+       *  @param p  Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
+       *  @param c  The character to insert.
+       *  @return  Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Inserts character @a c at position referenced by @a p.  If adding
+       *  character causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is
+       *  thrown.  If @a p is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
+       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      iterator
+      insert(iterator __p, _CharT __c)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
+        const size_type __pos = __p - _M_ibegin();
+        _M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
+        _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
+        return this->_M_ibegin() + __pos;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Remove characters.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to remove (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *
+       *  Removes @a n characters from this string starting at @a pos.  The
+       *  length of the string is reduced by @a n.  If there are < @a n
+       *  characters to remove, the remainder of the string is truncated.  If
+       *  @a p is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  The value of
+       *  the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
+      { 
+        _M_mutate(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
+                  _M_limit(__pos, __n), size_type(0));
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Remove one character.
+       *  @param position  Iterator referencing the character to remove.
+       *  @return  iterator referencing same location after removal.
+       *
+       *  Removes the character at @a position from this string. The value
+       *  of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      iterator
+      erase(iterator __position)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= _M_ibegin()
+                                 && __position < _M_iend());
+        const size_type __pos = __position - _M_ibegin();
+        _M_mutate(__pos, size_type(1), size_type(0));
+        _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
+        return _M_ibegin() + __pos;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Remove a range of characters.
+       *  @param first  Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
+       *  @param last  Iterator referencing the end of the range.
+       *  @return  Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
+       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      iterator
+      erase(iterator __first, iterator __last)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__first >= _M_ibegin() && __first <= __last
+                                 && __last <= _M_iend());
+        const size_type __pos = __first - _M_ibegin();
+        _M_mutate(__pos, __last - __first, size_type(0));
+        _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
+        return _M_ibegin() + __pos;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param str  String to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
+       *  string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos+n) from this string.
+       *  In place, the value of @a str is inserted.  If @a pos is beyond end
+       *  of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of the result
+       *  exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string
+       *  doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
+      { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
+       *  @param pos1  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param str  String to insert.
+       *  @param pos2  Index of first character of str to use.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters from str to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size() or @a pos2 >
+       *  str.size().
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos1,pos1 + n) from this
+       *  string.  In place, the value of @a str is inserted.  If @a pos is
+       *  beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of the
+       *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the
+       *  string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
+              size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
+      { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
+                             + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
+                             __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C substring.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param str  C string to insert.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters from str to use.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size().
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
+       *  In place, the first @a n2 characters of @a str are inserted, or all
+       *  of @a str if @a n2 is too large.  If @a pos is beyond end of string,
+       *  out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
+       *  an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
+              size_type __n2);
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C string.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param str  C string to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
+       *  In place, the first @a n characters of @a str are inserted.  If @a
+       *  pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length
+       *  of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of
+       *  the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace characters with multiple characters.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to replace.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters to insert.
+       *  @param c  Character to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this string.
+       *  In place, @a n2 copies of @a c are inserted.  If @a pos is beyond
+       *  end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of result
+       *  exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string
+       *  doesn't change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
+      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
+                              _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string.
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param str  String value to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the value of
+       *  @a str is inserted.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
+       *  an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const basic_string& __str)
+      { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C substring.
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param s  C string value to insert.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the first @a
+       *  n characters of @a s are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
+       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
+       *  change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C string.
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param s  C string value to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, the
+       *  characters of @a s are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
+       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
+       *  change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with multiple characters
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to insert.
+       *  @param c  Character to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, @a n copies
+       *  of @a c are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
+       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if
+       *  an error is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with range.
+       *  @param i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
+       *  @param i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
+       *  @param k1  Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
+       *  @param k2  Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
+       *  @return  Reference to this string.
+       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
+       *
+       *  Removes the characters in the range [i1,i2).  In place, characters
+       *  in the range [k1,k2) are inserted.  If the length of result exceeds
+       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
+       *  change if an error is thrown.
+      */
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string&
+        replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
+                _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
+        {
+          _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                   && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+          __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+          typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
+          return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
+        }
+
+      // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
+      // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
+                             __k1, __k2 - __k1);
+      }
+
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
+              const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
+                             __k1, __k2 - __k1);
+      }
+
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
+                             __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
+      }
+
+      basic_string&
+      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
+              const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
+      {
+        _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
+                                 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
+        __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
+        return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
+                             __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
+      }
+      
+    private:
+      template<class _Integer>
+        basic_string&
+        _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _Integer __n,
+                            _Integer __val, __true_type)
+        { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
+
+      template<class _InputIterator>
+        basic_string&
+        _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _InputIterator __k1,
+                            _InputIterator __k2, __false_type);
+
+      basic_string&
+      _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
+                     _CharT __c);
+
+      basic_string&
+      _M_replace_safe(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
+                      size_type __n2);
+
+      // _S_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
+      // requires special behaviour if _InIter is an integral type
+      template<class _InIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+        _S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
+                         const _Alloc& __a, __false_type)
+        {
+          typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
+          return _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a, _Tag());
+        }
+
+      template<class _InIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+        _S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
+                         const _Alloc& __a, __true_type)
+        { return _S_construct(static_cast<size_type>(__beg),
+                              static_cast<value_type>(__end), __a); }
+
+      template<class _InIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+        _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a)
+        {
+          typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
+          return _S_construct_aux(__beg, __end, __a, _Integral());
+        }
+
+      // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
+      template<class _InIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+         _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
+                      input_iterator_tag);
+
+      // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
+      // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
+      template<class _FwdIterator>
+        static _CharT*
+        _S_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
+                     forward_iterator_tag);
+
+      static _CharT*
+      _S_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
+
+    public:
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Copy substring into C string.
+       *  @param s  C string to copy value into.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters to copy.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character to copy.
+       *  @return  Number of characters actually copied
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If pos > size().
+       *
+       *  Copies up to @a n characters starting at @a pos into the C string @a
+       *  s.  If @a pos is greater than size(), out_of_range is thrown.
+      */
+      size_type
+      copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Swap contents with another string.
+       *  @param s  String to swap with.
+       *
+       *  Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a s in constant
+       *  time.
+      */
+      void
+      swap(basic_string& __s);
+
+      // String operations:
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
+       *
+       *  This is a handle to internal data.  Do not modify or dire things may
+       *  happen.
+      */
+      const _CharT*
+      c_str() const
+      { return _M_data(); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Return const pointer to contents.
+       *
+       *  This is a handle to internal data.  Do not modify or dire things may
+       *  happen.
+      */
+      const _CharT*
+      data() const
+      { return _M_data(); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
+      */
+      allocator_type
+      get_allocator() const
+      { return _M_dataplus; }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from @a s to search for.
+       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for the first @a n characters
+       *  in @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index where it
+       *  begins.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a string.
+       *  @param str  String to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for value of @a str within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
+       *  found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      { return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a C string.
+       *  @param s  C string to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for the value of @a s within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
+       *  found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character.
+       *  @param c  Character to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for @a c within this string.
+       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
+       *  returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a string.
+       *  @param str  String to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
+       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for value of @a str within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
+       *  found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      { return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to search for.
+       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for the first @a n
+       *  characters in @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it begins.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a C string.
+       *  @param s  C string to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to start search at (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of start of  last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for the value of @a s within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
+       *  found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character.
+       *  @param c  Character to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for @a c within this string.
+       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
+       *  returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character of string.
+       *  @param str  String containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for one of the characters of
+       *  @a str within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      { return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character of C substring.
+       *  @param s  String containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to search for.
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for one of the first @a n
+       *  characters of @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character of C string.
+       *  @param s  String containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for one of the characters of
+       *  @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character.
+       *  @param c  Character to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for the character @a c within
+       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If
+       *  not found, returns npos.
+       *
+       *  Note: equivalent to find(c, pos).
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      { return this->find(__c, __pos); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of string.
+       *  @param str  String containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for one of the characters of
+       *  @a str within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      { return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to search for.
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for one of the first @a n
+       *  characters of @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of C string.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for one of the characters of
+       *  @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character.
+       *  @param c  Character to locate.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search back from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for @a c within this string.
+       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
+       *  returns npos.
+       *
+       *  Note: equivalent to rfind(c, pos).
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      { return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in string.
+       *  @param str  String containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for a character not contained
+       *  in @a str within this string.  If found, returns the index where it
+       *  was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      { return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to consider.
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for a character not contained
+       *  in the first @a n characters of @a s within this string.  If found,
+       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
+                        size_type __n) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C string.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for a character not contained
+       *  in @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index where it
+       *  was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a different character.
+       *  @param c  Character to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches forward for a character other than @a c
+       *  within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was found.
+       *  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in string.
+       *  @param str  String containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for a character not
+       *  contained in @a str within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      { return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in C substring.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters from s to consider.
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for a character not
+       *  contained in the first @a n characters of @a s within this string.
+       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
+       *  returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
+                       size_type __n) const;
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C string.
+       *  @param s  C string containing characters to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for a character not
+       *  contained in @a s within this string.  If found, returns the index
+       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
+      {
+        __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
+        return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Find last position of a different character.
+       *  @param c  Character to avoid.
+       *  @param pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
+       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
+       *
+       *  Starting from @a pos, searches backward for a character other than
+       *  @a c within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
+       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
+      */
+      size_type
+      find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Get a substring.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character (default 0).
+       *  @param n  Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
+       *  @return  The new string.
+       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If pos > size().
+       *
+       *  Construct and return a new string using the @a n characters starting
+       *  at @a pos.  If the string is too short, use the remainder of the
+       *  characters.  If @a pos is beyond the end of the string, out_of_range
+       *  is thrown.
+      */
+      basic_string
+      substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
+      { return basic_string(*this,
+                            _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare to a string.
+       *  @param str  String to compare against.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a str, 0 if
+       *  their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
+       *  @a str.  If the lengths of @a str and this string are different, the
+       *  shorter one is ordered first.  If they are the same, returns the
+       *  result of traits::compare(data(),str.data(),size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(const basic_string& __str) const
+      {
+        const size_type __size = this->size();
+        const size_type __osize = __str.size();
+        const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
+
+        int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
+        if (!__r)
+          __r =  __size - __osize;
+        return __r;
+      }
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare substring to a string.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character of substring.
+       *  @param n  Number of characters in substring.
+       *  @param str  String to compare against.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a n characters starting
+       *  at @a pos.  Returns an integer < 0 if the substring is ordered
+       *  before @a str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if the
+       *  substring is ordered after @a str.  If the lengths @a of str and the
+       *  substring are different, the shorter one is ordered first.  If they
+       *  are the same, returns the result of
+       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare substring to a substring.
+       *  @param pos1  Index of first character of substring.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters in substring.
+       *  @param str  String to compare against.
+       *  @param pos2  Index of first character of substring of str.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters in substring of str.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a n1 characters starting
+       *  at @a pos1.  Form the substring of @a str from the @a n2 characters
+       *  starting at @a pos2.  Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is
+       *  ordered before the substring of @a str, 0 if their values are
+       *  equivalent, or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring
+       *  of @a str.  If the lengths of the substring of @a str and this
+       *  substring are different, the shorter one is ordered first.  If they
+       *  are the same, returns the result of
+       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
+              size_type __pos2, size_type __n2) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare to a C string.
+       *  @param s  C string to compare against.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a s, 0 if
+       *  their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
+       *  @a s.  If the lengths of @a s and this string are different, the
+       *  shorter one is ordered first.  If they are the same, returns the
+       *  result of traits::compare(data(),s,size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(const _CharT* __s) const;
+
+      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
+      // 5 String::compare specification questionable
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare substring to a C string.
+       *  @param pos  Index of first character of substring.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters in substring.
+       *  @param s  C string to compare against.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a n1 characters starting
+       *  at @a pos.  Returns an integer < 0 if the substring is ordered
+       *  before @a s, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if the
+       *  substring is ordered after @a s.  If the lengths of @a s and the
+       *  substring are different, the shorter one is ordered first.  If they
+       *  are the same, returns the result of
+       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),s,size());
+      */
+      int
+      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
+
+      /**
+       *  @brief  Compare substring against a character array.
+       *  @param pos1  Index of first character of substring.
+       *  @param n1  Number of characters in substring.
+       *  @param s  character array to compare against.
+       *  @param n2  Number of characters of s.
+       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
+       *
+       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a n1 characters starting
+       *  at @a pos1.  Form a string from the first @a n2 characters of @a s.
+       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before the string
+       *  from @a s, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
+       *  is ordered after the string from @a s. If the lengths of this
+       *  substring and @a n2 are different, the shorter one is ordered first.
+       *  If they are the same, returns the result of
+       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),s,size());
+       *
+       *  NB: s must have at least n2 characters, '\0' has no special
+       *  meaning.
+      */
+      int
+      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
+              size_type __n2) const;
+  };
+
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::
+    basic_string()
+#ifndef _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING
+    : _M_dataplus(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata(), _Alloc()) { }
+#else
+    : _M_dataplus(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), _Alloc()), _Alloc()) { }
+#endif
+
+  // operator+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate two strings.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with value of @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    {
+      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
+      __str.append(__rhs);
+      return __str;
+    }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate C string and string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with value of @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
+    operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate character and string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
+    operator+(_CharT __lhs, const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate string and C string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+             const _CharT* __rhs)
+    {
+      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
+      __str.append(__rhs);
+      return __str;
+    }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Concatenate string and character.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Last string.
+   *  @return  New string with @a lhs followed by @a rhs.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
+    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs, _CharT __rhs)
+    {
+      typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>     __string_type;
+      typedef typename __string_type::size_type         __size_type;
+      __string_type __str(__lhs);
+      __str.append(__size_type(1), __rhs);
+      return __str;
+    }
+
+  // operator ==
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test equivalence of two strings.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs.compare(@a rhs) == 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test equivalence of C string and string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a rhs.compare(@a lhs) == 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator==(const _CharT* __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) == 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test equivalence of string and C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs.compare(@a rhs) == 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
+
+  // operator !=
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test difference of two strings.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs.compare(@a rhs) != 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) != 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test difference of C string and string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a rhs.compare(@a lhs) != 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator!=(const _CharT* __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) != 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test difference of string and C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs.compare(@a rhs) != 0.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) != 0; }
+
+  // operator <
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string precedes string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs precedes @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string precedes C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs precedes @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if C string precedes string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs precedes @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<(const _CharT* __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) > 0; }
+
+  // operator >
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string follows string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs follows @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string follows C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs follows @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+              const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if C string follows string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs follows @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>(const _CharT* __lhs,
+              const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) < 0; }
+
+  // operator <=
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't follow string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't follow @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't follow C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't follow @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if C string doesn't follow string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't follow @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator<=(const _CharT* __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) >= 0; }
+
+  // operator >=
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't precede string.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't precede @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't precede C string.
+   *  @param lhs  String.
+   *  @param rhs  C string.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't precede @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+               const _CharT* __rhs)
+    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Test if C string doesn't precede string.
+   *  @param lhs  C string.
+   *  @param rhs  String.
+   *  @return  True if @a lhs doesn't precede @a rhs.  False otherwise.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline bool
+    operator>=(const _CharT* __lhs,
+             const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) <= 0; }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Swap contents of two strings.
+   *  @param lhs  First string.
+   *  @param rhs  Second string.
+   *
+   *  Exchanges the contents of @a lhs and @a rhs in constant time.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline void
+    swap(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
+         basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
+    { __lhs.swap(__rhs); }
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Read stream into a string.
+   *  @param is  Input stream.
+   *  @param str  Buffer to store into.
+   *  @return  Reference to the input stream.
+   *
+   *  Stores characters from @a is into @a str until whitespace is found, the
+   *  end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size() is reached.  If
+   *  is.width() is non-zero, that is the limit on the number of characters
+   *  stored into @a str.  Any previous contents of @a str are erased.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Write string to a stream.
+   *  @param os  Output stream.
+   *  @param str  String to write out.
+   *  @return  Reference to the output stream.
+   *
+   *  Output characters of @a str into os following the same rules as for
+   *  writing a C string.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Read a line from stream into a string.
+   *  @param is  Input stream.
+   *  @param str  Buffer to store into.
+   *  @param delim  Character marking end of line.
+   *  @return  Reference to the input stream.
+   *
+   *  Stores characters from @a is into @a str until @a delim is found, the
+   *  end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size() is reached.  If
+   *  is.width() is non-zero, that is the limit on the number of characters
+   *  stored into @a str.  Any previous contents of @a str are erased.  If @a
+   *  delim was encountered, it is extracted but not stored into @a str.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+            basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim);
+
+  /**
+   *  @brief  Read a line from stream into a string.
+   *  @param is  Input stream.
+   *  @param str  Buffer to store into.
+   *  @return  Reference to the input stream.
+   *
+   *  Stores characters from is into @a str until '\n' is found, the end of
+   *  the stream is encountered, or str.max_size() is reached.  If is.width()
+   *  is non-zero, that is the limit on the number of characters stored into
+   *  @a str.  Any previous contents of @a str are erased.  If end of line was
+   *  encountered, it is extracted but not stored into @a str.
+   */
+  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
+    inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+            basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
+    
+  template<>
+    basic_istream<char>&
+    getline(basic_istream<char>& __in, basic_string<char>& __str,
+            char __delim);
+
+#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
+  template<>
+    basic_istream<wchar_t>&
+    getline(basic_istream<wchar_t>& __in, basic_string<wchar_t>& __str,
+            wchar_t __delim);
+#endif  
+} // namespace std
+
+#endif /* _BASIC_STRING_H */
+#endif /* ! __APPLE__ */
diff -Nur gccxml-0.6.0-p3/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/bits/c++locale.h gccxml-0.6.0-p4/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/bits/c++locale.h
--- gccxml-0.6.0-p3/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/bits/c++locale.h    1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100
+++ gccxml-0.6.0-p4/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/bits/c++locale.h    2007-08-22 16:17:35.000000000 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef GCCXML_BITS_CXXLOCALE
+#define GCCXML_BITS_CXXLOCALE
+
+#include <clocale>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifndef __attribute__
+# define __attribute__(x)
+# define GCCXML_BITS_CXXLOCALE_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+
+#include_next <bits/c++locale.h>
+
+#ifdef GCCXML_BITS_CXXLOCALE_DEFINED_ATTRIBUTE
+# undef __attribute__
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff -Nur gccxml-0.6.0-p3/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/gccxml_builtins.h gccxml-0.6.0-p4/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/gccxml_builtins.h
--- gccxml-0.6.0-p3/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/gccxml_builtins.h   1970-01-01 01:00:00.000000000 +0100
+++ gccxml-0.6.0-p4/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/4.1/gccxml_builtins.h   2007-08-22 16:17:35.000000000 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#define __builtin_apply(x,y,z) ((void*)0)
+#define __builtin_nan(x) ((double)0.0)
+#define __builtin_nanf(x) ((float)0.0)
+#define __builtin_nanl(x) ((long double)0.0)
+#define __builtin_huge_val(x) ((double)0.0)
+#define __builtin_huge_valf(x) ((float)0.0)
+#define __builtin_huge_vall(x) ((long double)0.0)
+#define __builtin_apply_args(x) ((void*)0)
+#define __builtin_types_compatible_p(x,y) 0
+#define __builtin_choose_expr(x,y,z) int
+#define __builtin_constant_p(x) 0
+#define __builtin_offsetof(x,y) 0
+void __builtin_return (void *RESULT);
+void * __builtin_return_address (unsigned int LEVEL);
+void * __builtin_frame_address (unsigned int LEVEL);
+long __builtin_expect (long EXP, long C);
+void __builtin_prefetch (const void *ADDR, ...);
+double __builtin_inf (void);
+float __builtin_inff (void);
+long double __builtin_infl (void);
+double __builtin_nans (const char *str);
+float __builtin_nansf (const char *str);
+long double __builtin_nansl (const char *str);
+double      __builtin_acos(double);
+float       __builtin_acosf(float);
+long double __builtin_acosl(long double);
+double      __builtin_asin(double);
+float       __builtin_asinf(float);
+long double __builtin_asinl(long double);
+double      __builtin_atan(double);
+double      __builtin_atan2(double, double);
+float       __builtin_atan2f(float, float);
+long double __builtin_atan2l(long double, long double);
+float       __builtin_atanf(float);
+long double __builtin_atanl(long double);
+double      __builtin_ceil(double);
+float       __builtin_ceilf(float);
+long double __builtin_ceill(long double);
+double      __builtin_cos(double);
+float       __builtin_cosf(float);
+double      __builtin_cosh(double);
+float       __builtin_coshf(float);
+long double __builtin_coshl(long double);
+long double __builtin_cosl(long double);
+double      __builtin_exp(double);
+float       __builtin_expf(float);
+long double __builtin_expl(long double);
+double      __builtin_fabs(double);
+float       __builtin_fabsf(float);
+long double __builtin_fabsl(long double);
+double      __builtin_floor(double);
+float       __builtin_floorf(float);
+long double __builtin_floorl(long double);
+float       __builtin_fmodf(float, float);
+long double __builtin_fmodl(long double, long double);
+double      __builtin_frexp(double, int*);
+float       __builtin_frexpf(float, int*);
+long double __builtin_frexpl(long double, int*);
+double      __builtin_ldexp(double, int);
+float       __builtin_ldexpf(float, int);
+long double __builtin_ldexpl(long double, int);
+double      __builtin_log(double);
+double      __builtin_log10(double);
+float       __builtin_log10f(float);
+long double __builtin_log10l(long double);
+float       __builtin_logf(float);
+long double __builtin_logl(long double);
+float       __builtin_modff(float, float*);
+long double __builtin_modfl(long double, long double*);
+float       __builtin_powf(float, float);
+long double __builtin_powl(long double, long double);
+double      __builtin_powi(double, int);
+float       __builtin_powif(float, int);
+long double __builtin_powil(long double, int);
+double      __builtin_sin(double);
+float       __builtin_sinf(float);
+double      __builtin_sinh(double);
+float       __builtin_sinhf(float);
+long double __builtin_sinhl(long double);
+long double __builtin_sinl(long double);
+double      __builtin_sqrt(double);
+float       __builtin_sqrtf(float);
+long double __builtin_sqrtl(long double);
+double      __builtin_tan(double);
+float       __builtin_tanf(float);
+double      __builtin_tanh(double);
+float       __builtin_tanhf(float);
+long double __builtin_tanhl(long double);
+long double __builtin_tanl(long double);
+float       __builtin_cabsf(float __complex__);
+double      __builtin_cabs(double __complex__);
+long double __builtin_cabsl(long double __complex__);
+float       __builtin_cargf(float __complex__);
+double      __builtin_carg(double __complex__);
+long double __builtin_cargl(long double __complex__);
+int         __builtin_ctz(int);
+int         __builtin_ctzl(long);
+int         __builtin_ctzll(long long);
+int         __builtin_popcount(int);
+int         __builtin_popcountl(long);
+int         __builtin_popcountll(long long);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_ccosf(float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_ccos(double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_ccosl(long double __complex__);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_ccoshf(float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_ccosh(double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_ccoshl(long double __complex__);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_cexpf(float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_cexp(double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_cexpl(long double __complex__);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_clogf(float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_clog(double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_clogl(long double __complex__);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_csinf(float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_csin(double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_csinl(long double __complex__);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_csinhf(float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_csinh(double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_csinhl(long double __complex__);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_csqrtf(float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_csqrt(double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_csqrtl(long double __complex__);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_ctanf(float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_ctan(double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_ctanl(long double __complex__);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_ctanhf(float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_ctanh(double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_ctanhl(long double __complex__);
+float       __complex__ __builtin_cpowf(float __complex__, float __complex__);
+double      __complex__ __builtin_cpow(double __complex__, double __complex__);
+long double __complex__ __builtin_cpowl(long double __complex__, long double __complex__);
diff -Nur gccxml-0.6.0-p3/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/find_flags gccxml-0.6.0-p4/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/find_flags
--- gccxml-0.6.0-p3/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/find_flags      2007-08-22 16:07:12.000000000 +0200
+++ gccxml-0.6.0-p4/GCC_XML/Support/GCC/find_flags      2007-08-22 16:16:46.000000000 +0200
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@
   if [ "$MINOR_VERSION" = 96 ]; then
     INCLUDES="-iwrapper$SELFPATH/2.96 $INCLUDES"
   fi
+elif [ "$MAJOR_VERSION" = 4 -a "$MINOR_VERSION" -ge 1 ]; then
+  INCLUDES="-iwrapper\"$SELFPATH/4.1\" $INCLUDES"
+  SPECIAL="-include $SELFPATH/4.1/gccxml_builtins.h"
+elif [ "$MAJOR_VERSION" = 4 -a "$MINOR_VERSION" -ge 0 ]; then
+  SPECIAL="-include $SELFPATH/4.0/string"
 elif [ "$MAJOR_VERSION" = 3 -a "$MINOR_VERSION" -ge 4 ]; then
   INCLUDES="-iwrapper$SELFPATH/3.4 $INCLUDES"
   SPECIAL="-include $SELFPATH/3.4/gccxml_builtins.h"
@@ -78,8 +83,6 @@
   INCLUDES="-iwrapper$SELFPATH/3.1 $INCLUDES"
 elif [ "$MAJOR_VERSION" = 3 -a "$MINOR_VERSION" = 0 ]; then
   INCLUDES="-iwrapper$SELFPATH/3.0 $INCLUDES"
-elif [ "$MAJOR_VERSION" = 4 -a "$MINOR_VERSION" -ge 0 ]; then
-  SPECIAL="-include $SELFPATH/4.0/string"
 fi
 
 # Format and print out the options.