| 5 |
|
for maintenance. Its various components have been tested during the production |
| 6 |
|
to meet stringent quality requirements. Few important problems have been spotted and |
| 7 |
|
solved.\\ |
| 8 |
< |
During the TIB integration all the operations have been monitored step by step by a chain of tests |
| 9 |
< |
aimed at a final control of the components just after the installation and at a verification of the |
| 10 |
< |
shell overall quality and functionality. The step by step tests are of particular importance |
| 8 |
> |
During the TIB/TID integration all the operations have been monitored step by step by a chain of tests |
| 9 |
> |
aimed at a final control of the components just after the installation described here. |
| 10 |
> |
A verification of the |
| 11 |
> |
shell overall quality and functionality in conditions similar to the final ones |
| 12 |
> |
has been later performed during the so-called burn-in tests~\cite{ref:burnin}. |
| 13 |
> |
The step by step tests are of particular importance |
| 14 |
|
because in most cases it is very difficult and in some cases even dangerous |
| 15 |
|
to replace a single faulty component when it is embedded in a fully equipped shell. |
| 16 |
|
|
| 17 |
|
\subsection{Test Setup} |
| 18 |
|
\label{sec:TestSetup} |
| 19 |
< |
The integration activities started well before the tracker |
| 19 |
> |
The integration started well before the tracker |
| 20 |
|
final data acquisition hardware and software |
| 21 |
< |
were available to the Collaboration, and thus had to rely on prototype peripherals |
| 22 |
< |
and a developing software freezing at the integration start up time. |
| 23 |
< |
Several further upgrades were actually implemented in time, but they all relied on the |
| 24 |
< |
same version of the underlying framework. |
| 21 |
> |
were available to the Collaboration. Integration tests thus had to |
| 22 |
> |
rely on prototype DAQ hardware and peripherals and software versions |
| 23 |
> |
that has been frozen to ensure consistent conditions during the |
| 24 |
> |
integration activities time-span, except few minor upgrades and bug |
| 25 |
> |
fixes. |
| 26 |
|
|
| 27 |
|
\subsubsection{Hardware} |
| 28 |
|
Here a brief account of the hardware used in DAQ for the integration |
| 44 |
|
\label{fig:integration daq} |
| 45 |
|
\end{figure} |
| 46 |
|
|
| 47 |
< |
The A/D conversion is managed by FEDs~\cite{bib:fedpci}, |
| 47 |
> |
\begin{description} |
| 48 |
> |
\item[TSC] The Trigger Sequencer Card or TSC~\cite{ref:tsc} generate the |
| 49 |
> |
40~MHz clock for the entire system and triggers as well, either |
| 50 |
> |
internally via software or by accepting external inputs. It has up to four |
| 51 |
> |
electrical clock/trigger outputs, enough to drive the FEDs used during the |
| 52 |
> |
integration, and an optical clock/trigger output for the FEC. |
| 53 |
> |
The TSC may also generate the reset and calibration signal that are |
| 54 |
> |
also encoded on the clock/trigger line.\\ |
| 55 |
> |
\item[FED] The analog-to-digital conversion is done by special PCI FEDs, |
| 56 |
> |
%~\cite{bib:fedpci}, |
| 57 |
|
with electrical differential analog input, mounted on |
| 58 |
|
PCI carrier boards and installed in an industrial PC. |
| 59 |
< |
The opto-electrical conversion of the analog signals is done externally by a 24-channel unit. |
| 59 |
> |
The opto-electrical conversion of the analog signals coming from the module under test |
| 60 |
> |
is done externally by a 24-channel unit. |
| 61 |
|
A setup containing 3 FEDs, with the electro-opical converter, is able |
| 62 |
< |
to readout 48 APV; this is equivalent to 12 single sided modules (4 complete strings) |
| 63 |
< |
or 4 double sided modules (1 string plus 1 module). This is more than what is needed to |
| 64 |
< |
test the strings during the module installation.\\ |
| 65 |
< |
The trigger and clock signals |
| 66 |
< |
were provided by the Trigger Sequencer Card (or TSC,~\cite{bib:specs:tsc}). It has up to four |
| 67 |
< |
electrical clock/trigger outputs, which were enough to drive the FEDs, and an optical clock/trigger |
| 68 |
< |
output for the FEC. |
| 69 |
< |
This card is used to generate a 40~MHz clock and provide it to the system and also to generate |
| 70 |
< |
triggers, either internally via software or by accepting external inputs. |
| 71 |
< |
The TSC may also generate the RESET and CALIBRATION signal, by coding them properly on the |
| 72 |
< |
clock/trigger line.\\ |
| 73 |
< |
The FEC mezzanine used during the integration |
| 74 |
< |
was laid on a PCI carrier, supporting trigger/clock optical input as fed by the TSC. Its |
| 75 |
< |
output was also optical, and could be directly connected to DOHs on the DOHM. \\ |
| 76 |
< |
The peculiarity of a PCI FED with respect to a final VME FED, other than having electrical inputs |
| 77 |
< |
instead of optical ones, is its timing system: a final FED is able to recognise which |
| 78 |
< |
conversion count |
| 79 |
< |
corresponds to a frame header coming from a module on each input channel separately, |
| 80 |
< |
while a PCI FED has this capability (\textit{header finding}) implemented only on the first channel |
| 81 |
< |
out of the eight available and assumes that the signals coming from the modules are synchronised. |
| 82 |
< |
This makes the PLL-based time alignment procedure even more important in a setup with PCI FEDs. |
| 83 |
< |
Furthermore, PCI FEDs are not able to insert a programmable delay on their inputs and thus |
| 84 |
< |
it is important that the clock/trigger connections from the TSC to FEDs have all the same delay. |
| 85 |
< |
Last, PCI FEDs cannot perform an online pedestal subtraction and zero suppression (they cannot |
| 86 |
< |
run in Processed Raw data nor in Zero Suppression mode). |
| 62 |
> |
to readout 48 APV25; this is equivalent to 12 single sided modules |
| 63 |
> |
%(four complete strings) |
| 64 |
> |
or four double sided modules assemblies. |
| 65 |
> |
%(one string plus one module). |
| 66 |
> |
These figures are |
| 67 |
> |
pefectly suited for the tests during the integration.\\ |
| 68 |
> |
Since the readout of the data from the APV25s is not |
| 69 |
> |
synchronous with the L1 trigger, a crucial capability of the FED is the |
| 70 |
> |
\textit{header finding}, i.e. the automatical tagging of the |
| 71 |
> |
analog data stream from APV25 pairs with respect to the idle |
| 72 |
> |
signals at its inputs. This is possible since the APV25s embeds the |
| 73 |
> |
analogue data stream within a {\em digital frame} made up of a leading |
| 74 |
> |
digital header and a trailing tick-mark. |
| 75 |
> |
%The peculiarity of the PCI FED |
| 76 |
> |
%with respect to the VME FED that will be used in the experiment, other than having electrical inputs |
| 77 |
> |
%instead of optical ones, is the timing system: the VME FED is able to |
| 78 |
> |
%perform the header finding on each input channel independently; the PCI FED has |
| 79 |
> |
%this capability only on the first channel of the eight available |
| 80 |
> |
%and assumes that the all input signals are synchronised. |
| 81 |
> |
%This makes the PLL-based time alignment procedure of crucial |
| 82 |
> |
%importance in a setup with PCI FEDs. Furthermore, PCI FEDs are not |
| 83 |
> |
%able to insert a programmable delay on their inputs and thus |
| 84 |
> |
%it is important that the clock/trigger connections from the TSC to |
| 85 |
> |
%FEDs have all the same delay. Last, PCI FEDs cannot perform an online |
| 86 |
> |
%pedestal subtraction and zero suppression (they cannot run in |
| 87 |
> |
%Processed Raw data nor in Zero Suppression mode). |
| 88 |
> |
\item[FEC] The special FEC used during the integration is the {\em FEC |
| 89 |
> |
mezzanine} also installed into a PC on a PCI carrier. It supports |
| 90 |
> |
the optical trigger/clock provided by the TSC and features an |
| 91 |
> |
optical output directly connected to DOHs on the DOHM. |
| 92 |
> |
\end{description} |
| 93 |
|
|
| 74 |
– |
\subsubsection{Software} |
| 75 |
– |
The software used to carry out integration tests was essentially the CMS |
| 76 |
– |
tracker implementation of a more general software, named xDAQ, which is the official CMS |
| 77 |
– |
DAQ framework. This implementation is known as TrackerOnline.\\ |
| 78 |
– |
The present version of TrackerOnline makes use of a set of |
| 79 |
– |
xml files which store the parameters needed by all the devices present on the structure |
| 80 |
– |
to be tested. In the final implementation of the software the use of a database is foreseen. |
| 81 |
– |
|
| 82 |
– |
\begin{figure}[bth!] |
| 83 |
– |
\centering |
| 84 |
– |
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Figs/fecmodulexml_2.pdf} |
| 85 |
– |
\caption{An example of data contained in fec.xml and module.xml files for one module. |
| 86 |
– |
Part of the data is not shown for simplicity.} |
| 87 |
– |
\label{fig:fecmodulexml} |
| 88 |
– |
\end{figure} |
| 89 |
– |
The information on a given setup can be divided in two sections: one describing the |
| 90 |
– |
readout hardware (and corresponding software) setup and another describing which part of |
| 91 |
– |
the tracker is going to be connected to the Control System and to FEDs.\\ |
| 92 |
– |
The hardware/software setup is written in a single xml file, which was prepared once |
| 93 |
– |
and for all at the start of the integration. |
| 94 |
– |
The information regarding the readout tracker section |
| 95 |
– |
is stored in two more files, commonly named fec.xml and module.xml. The first |
| 96 |
– |
contains all data which the FEC will need to download to modules before starting the data |
| 97 |
– |
taking, that is all the values to be written in devices' $I^2C$ registers. |
| 98 |
– |
The second contains all other |
| 99 |
– |
information needed by the DAQ setup to rearrange data coming from the FEDs: from an input channel |
| 100 |
– |
based indexing to a module based one (see Fig.~\ref{fig:fecmodulexml}).\\ |
| 101 |
– |
The module.xml file contains two tables: the first joins FEDs input channel indexes |
| 102 |
– |
with the respective modules' ring, CCU and $I^2C$ address (i.e.\ readout coordinates |
| 103 |
– |
with Control System coordinates). Each row corresponds to an APV |
| 104 |
– |
pair, an AOH laser, an optical fibre and a FED input.\\ |
| 105 |
– |
The second table of module.xml reassembles the information on a module basis. |
| 106 |
– |
Here all the active modules are listed, with a row for every module. |
| 107 |
– |
The Control System coordinates are repeated both in module.xml and fec.xml, |
| 108 |
– |
so that they can be used as a pivot between the 3 tables.\\ |
| 109 |
– |
It is clear that these files have to be archived along with raw data taken during a run, and |
| 110 |
– |
to do it automatically is the first task of an integration validation software. |
| 111 |
– |
Another required task is an automatic run logging; a fast data analysis is also |
| 112 |
– |
desirable. |
| 113 |
– |
Last, but not least, this software should easily allow the user to perform all preliminary |
| 114 |
– |
(commissioning) runs, adjusting modules' parameters accordingly. |
| 115 |
– |
|
| 116 |
– |
\begin{figure} |
| 117 |
– |
\centering |
| 118 |
– |
\includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{Figs/integration_package.pdf} |
| 119 |
– |
\caption{Scheme of the integration software. |
| 120 |
– |
\textit{Arrows}: a relation. |
| 121 |
– |
\textit{Gears}: an application. |
| 122 |
– |
\textit{Mouse:} an interactive application. |
| 123 |
– |
\textit{Sheet}: a file.} |
| 124 |
– |
\label{fig:integration_package} |
| 125 |
– |
\end{figure} |
| 126 |
– |
|
| 127 |
– |
Figure~\ref{fig:integration_package} shows a scheme of the relations between all the software |
| 128 |
– |
components that will be described, the local files and the remote database. |
| 129 |
– |
\paragraph*{FecTool} |
| 130 |
– |
FecTool is a front-end Graphics User Interface (GUI) aimed to ease the creation of the device |
| 131 |
– |
description, i.e.\ fec.xml. This program is used to launch |
| 132 |
– |
two standalone applications deployed along with TrackerOnline: ProgramTest and FecProfiler. |
| 133 |
– |
The first application can test the ring functionality, the connection to all devices reporting |
| 134 |
– |
a list of detected hardware. Also the second application is able to retrieve a |
| 135 |
– |
list of hardware connected to CCUs, but its output is the fec.xml file needed by TrackerOnline.\\ |
| 136 |
– |
By accessing the output of these two programs, the FecTool GUI enables the user to |
| 137 |
– |
test the functionality of a string, or of a whole ring. FecTool also checks that the found hardware |
| 138 |
– |
corresponds to what one expects to find in tracker's modules: for every $I^2C$ address |
| 139 |
– |
there should be either 4 or 6 APVs, one PLL, one AOH, and so on.\\ |
| 140 |
– |
The user can also input the GeoId(s) of tested string(s) before starting the test. In this case |
| 141 |
– |
FecTool also checks that the DCU Hardware Id read from each module matches the one declared |
| 142 |
– |
in the construction database performing an important consistency check between what is |
| 143 |
– |
registered on the integration database and what is really present on the structure spotting |
| 144 |
– |
possible module registration error.\\ |
| 145 |
– |
Only if this last test is passed, the user is allowed to create the fec.xml description file |
| 146 |
– |
needed to go forth with integration tests. Hence tests proceed with the data readout from |
| 147 |
– |
modules, which rely on TrackerOnline. |
| 148 |
– |
\paragraph*{The integration package} |
| 149 |
– |
The xDAQ version installed on the integration setups is very user-unfriendly, and requires |
| 150 |
– |
an expert user: many run-specific parameters are set manually and there is no |
| 151 |
– |
input validation. |
| 94 |
|
|
| 95 |
< |
\begin{figure} |
| 96 |
< |
\centering |
| 97 |
< |
\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{Figs/FedGuiMain.png} |
| 98 |
< |
\caption{Main GUI window.} |
| 99 |
< |
\label{fig:fedgui} |
| 100 |
< |
\end{figure} |
| 101 |
< |
|
| 102 |
< |
A package interacting with TrackerOnline, capable |
| 103 |
< |
of automatically setting all relevant parameters and performing all data collection at the end |
| 104 |
< |
of a run has been written. This is a |
| 105 |
< |
finite state machine which cycle through the needed states setting run-specific parameters |
| 106 |
< |
in the xDAQ software. |
| 107 |
< |
|
| 108 |
< |
The state machine cycles through the following states: |
| 95 |
> |
\subsubsection{Software} |
| 96 |
> |
The software used to carry out integration tests is |
| 97 |
> |
based on the CMS general data acquisition framework |
| 98 |
> |
%{\em TrackerOnline}, the CMS |
| 99 |
> |
%tracker implementation of a more general software, |
| 100 |
> |
named xDAQ~\cite{ref:xdaq}. |
| 101 |
> |
% which is the official CMS DAQ framework. |
| 102 |
> |
In place of a database as in the |
| 103 |
> |
experiment version, the integration version of TrackerOnline uses a set of |
| 104 |
> |
xml files for all the configurations needed to perform a test run. |
| 105 |
> |
A description of the xml configuration files follows. |
| 106 |
> |
%, i.e. all the parameters needed by the devices and the |
| 107 |
> |
%software involved in the test run, |
| 108 |
> |
%\begin{figure}[bth!] |
| 109 |
> |
%\centering |
| 110 |
> |
%\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Figs/fecmodulexml_2.pdf} |
| 111 |
> |
%\caption{An example of data contained in fec.xml and module.xml files for one module. |
| 112 |
> |
%Part of the data is not shown for simplicity.} |
| 113 |
> |
%\label{fig:fecmodulexml} |
| 114 |
> |
%\end{figure} |
| 115 |
> |
The hardware and software configuration of the DAQ is written into the file |
| 116 |
> |
named daq.xml. It reflects the setup used for the test and has to be rarely changed |
| 117 |
> |
during the integration procedures. The system settings uploaded, and |
| 118 |
> |
read back for verification, by the FEC are contained into fec.xml. |
| 119 |
> |
The data decoding map (i.e., information needed to map each FED input to an |
| 120 |
> |
APV25 pair of a specific module) is written into module.xml. |
| 121 |
> |
|
| 122 |
> |
%\begin{description} |
| 123 |
> |
%\item[Configuration of the DAQ hardware and software, daq.xml] The hardware |
| 124 |
> |
% and software configuration of the DAQ is written in a single xml file, which |
| 125 |
> |
% reflect the setup used for the test and has to be rarely changed |
| 126 |
> |
% during the integration procedures. |
| 127 |
> |
%\item[Configuration of the control system, fec.xml] The most important |
| 128 |
> |
% part of this configuration section is the settings the FEC must |
| 129 |
> |
% upload to the modules and AOHs and in general any configurable |
| 130 |
> |
% $I^2C$ device, before starting the data |
| 131 |
> |
%taking. Altough these settings are not specifically |
| 132 |
> |
% related to the control system, it is duty of the control system to |
| 133 |
> |
% write them to the devices' $I^2C$ registers and read them back for verification. |
| 134 |
> |
%\item[Configuration of the readout, module.xml] All other information needed by the DAQ to |
| 135 |
> |
%rearrange data coming from the FEDs is in module.xml that allows each |
| 136 |
> |
%FEDs input channel to be mapped to an APV pair of a specific module as |
| 137 |
> |
%identified by ring, CCU and $I^2C$ addresses (i.e. the correspondance |
| 138 |
> |
%between readout coordinates and Control System coordinates); |
| 139 |
> |
%Each row corresponds to an APV |
| 140 |
> |
%pair, an AOH laser, an optical fibre and a FED input.\\ |
| 141 |
> |
%The second table of module.xml reassembles the information on a module basis. |
| 142 |
> |
%Here all the active modules are listed, with a row for every module. |
| 143 |
> |
%The Control System coordinates are repeated both in module.xml and fec.xml, |
| 144 |
> |
%so that they can be used as a pivot between the 3 tables.\\ |
| 145 |
> |
%\end{description} |
| 146 |
> |
|
| 147 |
> |
The tasks performed by the integration software are the following: |
| 148 |
> |
execution of the commissioning runs needed to optimal adjust of the |
| 149 |
> |
module parameters (preparation of fec.xml and module.xml); execution |
| 150 |
> |
of the test runs with complete and automated logging; fast analysis |
| 151 |
> |
for immediate feedback; archival of xml configuration files to log the |
| 152 |
> |
test conditions; archival of the raw data. |
| 153 |
> |
%\begin{figure} |
| 154 |
> |
%\centering |
| 155 |
> |
%\includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{Figs/integration_package.pdf} |
| 156 |
> |
%\caption{Scheme of the integration software. |
| 157 |
> |
%\textit{Arrows}: a relation. |
| 158 |
> |
%\textit{Gears}: an application. |
| 159 |
> |
%\textit{Mouse:} an interactive application. |
| 160 |
> |
%\textit{Sheet}: a file.} |
| 161 |
> |
%\label{fig:integration_package} |
| 162 |
> |
%\end{figure} |
| 163 |
> |
%Figure~\ref{fig:integration_package} shows a scheme of the relations between all the software |
| 164 |
> |
%components that will be described, the local files and the remote database. |
| 165 |
> |
This is achieved by using a specific set of components of integration |
| 166 |
> |
data acquisition software as summarized in the following. |
| 167 |
> |
\begin{description} |
| 168 |
> |
\item[FecTool.] |
| 169 |
> |
FecTool is GUI based front-end to two standalone |
| 170 |
> |
applications: FecProfiler |
| 171 |
> |
and ProgramTest, aimed to ease the creation of the device |
| 172 |
> |
description. |
| 173 |
> |
FecProfiler is able to detect |
| 174 |
> |
the devices connected to the CCUs and builds the fec.xml file needed by |
| 175 |
> |
TrackerOnline. FecTool takes care of checking that thedetected devices |
| 176 |
> |
corresponds to expected ones, i.e., per module, 4 or 6 APV25s, one |
| 177 |
> |
PLL, one AOH, and so on. ProgramTest allows the ring functionalities, |
| 178 |
> |
i.e. the redundancy, to be deeply tested. |
| 179 |
> |
|
| 180 |
> |
The geographical identity of the strings under test must be |
| 181 |
> |
entered to allows for verification from FecTool of the matching |
| 182 |
> |
between the DCU Hardware Id read from each |
| 183 |
> |
module and the one declared in the module database. This |
| 184 |
> |
consistency check is crucial to spot possible errors in recording the |
| 185 |
> |
location where a module is mounted during the assembly. If the check |
| 186 |
> |
is passed, the fec.xml description file needed to go forth with |
| 187 |
> |
integration tests can be created. |
| 188 |
> |
%Hence tests proceed with the data |
| 189 |
> |
%readout from modules, which rely on . |
| 190 |
> |
\item[The Integration Package.] |
| 191 |
> |
%TrackerOnline as any xDAQ implementation requires an expert user as |
| 192 |
> |
%many run-specific parameters must be set and there is no input |
| 193 |
> |
%validation. |
| 194 |
> |
%\begin{figure} |
| 195 |
> |
%\centering |
| 196 |
> |
%\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{Figs/FedGuiMain.png} |
| 197 |
> |
%\caption{Main GUI window.} |
| 198 |
> |
%\label{fig:fedgui} |
| 199 |
> |
%\end{figure} |
| 200 |
> |
The integration setup is made more user-friendly by a special {\em |
| 201 |
> |
Integration Package}, a GUI based front end that interacts with |
| 202 |
> |
the data aquisition program to automatically set all relevant parameters |
| 203 |
> |
and to harvest all data at the end |
| 204 |
> |
of a run. The package is organized as a finite state machine by which |
| 205 |
> |
the user can cycle between the various states, i.e. the following integration test steps: |
| 206 |
|
\begin{enumerate} |
| 207 |
< |
\item TrackerOnline initialisation (only once) |
| 208 |
< |
\item Ask for the desired run |
| 209 |
< |
\item Launch run in TrackerOnline |
| 210 |
< |
\item Wait for run completion (polling the number of acquired events) |
| 211 |
< |
\item Stop data taking |
| 212 |
< |
\item Launch fast data analysis package |
| 213 |
< |
\item Ask user for data validation |
| 214 |
< |
\item If acknowledged, pack all the data and log the run with proper data quality flag. If the run |
| 215 |
< |
was a commissioning run, update fec.xml and module.xml |
| 207 |
> |
\item Daq initialisation (only once); |
| 208 |
> |
\item choice of the the desired run; |
| 209 |
> |
\item execution of the run via Daq program; |
| 210 |
> |
\item on run completion (i.e. after a given number of events), stop |
| 211 |
> |
data taking and execution of the fast data analysis; |
| 212 |
> |
\item presentation of the run outcome on summary GUIs; |
| 213 |
> |
\item on positive validation from the user, data are stored together |
| 214 |
> |
with run logs and data quality flags; |
| 215 |
> |
\item in case of commissioning runs, on positive validation from the |
| 216 |
> |
user, fec.xml and module.xml are updated accordingly to be used from |
| 217 |
> |
now on. |
| 218 |
|
\end{enumerate} |
| 219 |
|
|
| 220 |
< |
For every required run, the integration package shows the proper TrackerOnline output |
| 221 |
< |
through some GUIs, so that the user can acknowledge the outcome of the run and give the approval |
| 222 |
< |
for archiving the run data or, in case of a commissioning run, for updating the parameter set.\\ |
| 223 |
< |
The TrackerOnline software computes the new parameter set for each commissioning run |
| 224 |
< |
(except for the ``find connection'' run, as we'll see below) and writes |
| 225 |
< |
it locally as a fec.xml file, which is retrieved by the integration package at need.\\ |
| 226 |
< |
A main integration database, for centralized archiving purposes, |
| 227 |
< |
was also installed. Software implementing data analysis runs automatically on the |
| 228 |
< |
archived files producing validation outputs, accessible througth a web interface, |
| 229 |
< |
for every tested module. |
| 220 |
> |
%For every required run, the integration package shows the TrackerOnline output |
| 221 |
> |
%through some GUIs, so that the user can acknowledge the outcome of the run and give the approval |
| 222 |
> |
%for archiving the data or, in case of a commissioning run, for updating the parameter set.\\ |
| 223 |
> |
%The TrackerOnline software computes the new parameter set for each commissioning run |
| 224 |
> |
%(except for the ``find connection'' run, as we'll see below) and writes |
| 225 |
> |
%it locally as a fec.xml file, which is retrieved by the integration package at need.\\ |
| 226 |
> |
A main integration database has been setup for centralized archiving purposes, |
| 227 |
> |
was also installed. For later reference, if needed, the data analysis |
| 228 |
> |
can also be run on the archived files with validation outputs made |
| 229 |
> |
available through a web interface. |
| 230 |
> |
\end{description} |
| 231 |
|
|
| 232 |
|
\subsection{Test Description} |
| 233 |
|
\label{ref:test-description} |
| 192 |
– |
\paragraph*{Find connections:} |
| 193 |
– |
This commissioning run is used to know which module is connected to which FED input channel. |
| 194 |
– |
This procedure consists of switching on all the lasers of all AOH one by one, while checking the |
| 195 |
– |
signal on all the FED inputs. If the difference of the signal seen on a FED channel is above |
| 196 |
– |
a given threshold, the connection between that laser and input channel is tagged and registered |
| 197 |
– |
in the module.xml as a connection table. |
| 234 |
|
|
| 235 |
< |
\begin{figure} |
| 236 |
< |
\centering |
| 201 |
< |
\includegraphics[width=0.27\textwidth]{Figs/FedGuiChannels.png} |
| 202 |
< |
\caption{Connections displayed during the run} |
| 203 |
< |
\label{fig:fedguichan} |
| 204 |
< |
\end{figure} |
| 205 |
< |
|
| 206 |
< |
At this point of the commissioning procedures both the descriptions for FECs |
| 207 |
< |
(i.e. tracker hardware connected to the FECs) and for FEDs are present. |
| 208 |
< |
|
| 209 |
< |
\paragraph*{Time alignment:} |
| 210 |
< |
This step is used to compensate the different delays in the control and readout chain, |
| 211 |
< |
i.e. the connections between FECs and FEEs. |
| 212 |
< |
This also makes the APVs' sampling time synchronous provided that AOH |
| 213 |
< |
fibres and ribbons are the same length. The latter is not important during integration |
| 214 |
< |
quality checks, as no external signal is ever measured, but it becomes so when |
| 215 |
< |
one tries to detect ionising particles.\\ |
| 216 |
< |
This run type is relevant because, if FEDs are to sample properly |
| 217 |
< |
the APV signal, the clock must go to the modules synchronously, with a skew of the order of a few ns. |
| 218 |
< |
Also the clock coming to the three FEDs must be synchronous but this is guaranteed |
| 219 |
< |
by using cables of the same length between the clock-generating |
| 220 |
< |
board (TSC) and the FEDs themselves.\\ |
| 221 |
< |
The time allignment run |
| 222 |
< |
makes use of the periodic tick mark signal sent by the APVs when it is clocked: |
| 223 |
< |
after these devices receive a reset, they produce a tick mark signal every 70 clock cycles. |
| 224 |
< |
During this run the FEDs continously sample the signals at the full clock frequency. |
| 225 |
< |
This means that for every DAQ cycle the output of all APVs is measured as with a 40~MSample scope. |
| 226 |
< |
After every cycle is completed all the PLLs' delays are icreased by (25/24)~ns |
| 227 |
< |
(the minimum delay step), and the signal readout is performed again. After 24 such cycles the full |
| 228 |
< |
tick mark signal is measured as with a 960~MSample scope. |
| 235 |
> |
Each run type that can be choosen by the user corresponds to a |
| 236 |
> |
commissioning run or to a test run, as described below. |
| 237 |
|
|
| 238 |
+ |
\begin{description} |
| 239 |
+ |
\item[Find connections.] This commissioning run is used associate each |
| 240 |
+ |
FED input channel to a module. The procedure, repeated in sequence |
| 241 |
+ |
for all AOHs laser drivers, consists of switching on only a given |
| 242 |
+ |
AOH laser driver at a time while checking the signal on all the FED inputs. If |
| 243 |
+ |
the difference of the signal seen on a FED channel is above |
| 244 |
+ |
a given threshold, the connection between that laser and input channel is tagged and stored |
| 245 |
+ |
in module.xml. |
| 246 |
+ |
\item[Time alignment.] |
| 247 |
+ |
This commissioning run measures the appropriate delays to be later set |
| 248 |
+ |
in the PLLs delay registers. |
| 249 |
+ |
Doing so the different delays in the control and |
| 250 |
+ |
readout chain are compensated, the clock arrives to the modules |
| 251 |
+ |
synchronously, with a skew of the order of a few ns, and the APV25s |
| 252 |
+ |
signal are properly sampled by the FEDs. This requires also the clock |
| 253 |
+ |
to all the FEDs to be synchronous, but this is guaranteed |
| 254 |
+ |
by using cables equal in length between the TSC and the FEDs.\\ |
| 255 |
+ |
The time alignment run uses the periodic tick mark signal issued by |
| 256 |
+ |
the idle APV25s every 70 clock cycles. The APV25 signals are sampled by FEDs in |
| 257 |
+ |
scope mode, i.e. without waiting for an header but continously, |
| 258 |
+ |
sampling the inputs at the full clock frequency as with a 40~MSample/s |
| 259 |
+ |
scope. The measurement is repeated after all the PLL delays are |
| 260 |
+ |
increased by the minimum delay step, 25/24~ns. After 24 such cycles the |
| 261 |
+ |
idle APV25 output and thus the tick mark signal also are measured with |
| 262 |
+ |
an effective 960~MSample/s scope. |
| 263 |
|
\begin{figure} |
| 264 |
|
\centering |
| 265 |
|
\includegraphics[width=.6\textwidth]{Figs/tickmark.pdf} |
| 268 |
|
during the time alignment an interval of $1\,\mu\mathrm{s}$ is scanned.} |
| 269 |
|
\label{fig:tick} |
| 270 |
|
\end{figure} |
| 271 |
< |
The DAQ takes the time delay between tick marks as a measurement of the difference in delays in the |
| 272 |
< |
FEC-FEE connections and computes what delay must be set on each PLL in order to compensate this. |
| 271 |
> |
The time differences between the variuos APV25 tick marks are a |
| 272 |
> |
measurement of the relative delays introduced by the connections and |
| 273 |
> |
can be used to compute the optimal delay to be set on each PLL for compensation. |
| 274 |
|
The tick mark raising edge $t_R$ time is measured by taking the time corresponding to the highest |
| 275 |
|
signal derivative (see Fig.~\ref{fig:tick}). |
| 276 |
|
The best sampling point is considered $t_R+15\,\mathrm{ns}$, to avoid |
| 277 |
< |
the possible overshoot. This is important also later, when measuring the analogue data frame, as |
| 278 |
< |
it allows measuring the signal coming from each strip after transient effects due to the signal |
| 279 |
< |
switching between strips are over.\\ |
| 280 |
< |
At the end of this procedure, the user is shown all proposed adjustments to PLL delay values. |
| 281 |
< |
Then he can accept the outcome of the first time alignment run and, possibly, |
| 282 |
< |
repeat it. If the time allignment has been done correctly maximum variation of two or less |
| 283 |
< |
nanoseconds will be found. The delays are written in the correspoding xml file. |
| 284 |
< |
|
| 285 |
< |
\paragraph*{Laser Scan:} |
| 286 |
< |
This run makes a scan of all AOH bias values for the four possible gain settings |
| 287 |
< |
to determine the optimal gain and the corresponding optimal bias (see Fig.~\ref{fig:laserscan}). |
| 288 |
< |
In this run the APV generated tick marks are sampled (a correctly done |
| 289 |
< |
time allignment has to be done before) for all gain and bias values. |
| 290 |
< |
|
| 277 |
> |
the possible overshoot. |
| 278 |
> |
%[???This is important also later, when measuring the analogue data frame, as |
| 279 |
> |
%it allows measuring the signal coming from each strip after transient effects due to the signal |
| 280 |
> |
%switching between strips are over.???]\\ |
| 281 |
> |
At the end of the procedure, all proposed adjustments to PLL delay |
| 282 |
> |
values are proposed to the user. If accepted the delays are written in |
| 283 |
> |
fec.xml. If the setup is correctly aligned in time, a further time |
| 284 |
> |
alignment procedure should not propose delay corrections greater than |
| 285 |
> |
$\sim 2$ns. |
| 286 |
> |
%It is worth noticing that by the time alignment procedure all APVs are |
| 287 |
> |
%made sampling synchronously, since in the integration setup AOH fibres |
| 288 |
> |
%and ribbons are all equal in length. This is not important during |
| 289 |
> |
%integration quality checks, as no external signal is ever measured, |
| 290 |
> |
%but it would be so in trying to detect ionising particles. |
| 291 |
> |
\item[Laser Scan.] By this commissioning run a scan of any bias and |
| 292 |
> |
gain value pair is done to determine the optimal working point for |
| 293 |
> |
each AOH. |
| 294 |
> |
The procedure requires a sucessfull time alignment since again tick marks are |
| 295 |
> |
sampled but in this case changing gain and bias values. |
| 296 |
> |
% |
| 297 |
|
\begin{figure}[t!] |
| 298 |
|
\begin{center} |
| 259 |
– |
\subfigure[A pictorial representation of a tick mark as produced by the APVs (dotted) |
| 260 |
– |
and as transmitted by the lasers (solid) when the laser driver's bias is too |
| 261 |
– |
low (left), correct (centre) or too high (right), with the subsequent signal saturation.] |
| 262 |
– |
{ |
| 263 |
– |
\label{fig:laserscan} |
| 264 |
– |
\includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{Figs/laserscan.pdf} |
| 265 |
– |
} |
| 266 |
– |
\\ |
| 299 |
|
\subfigure[The sampled tick mark top and baseline as a function of the laser driver's bias.] |
| 300 |
|
{ |
| 301 |
|
\label{fig:gainscan_basetop} |
| 307 |
|
\label{fig:gainscan_range} |
| 308 |
|
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{Figs/gainscan_range.pdf} |
| 309 |
|
} |
| 310 |
+ |
\subfigure[A pictorial representation of a tick mark as produced by the APV25s (dotted) |
| 311 |
+ |
and as transmitted by the lasers (solid) when the laser driver's bias is too |
| 312 |
+ |
low (left), correct (centre) or too high (right), with the subsequent signal saturation.] |
| 313 |
+ |
{ |
| 314 |
+ |
\label{fig:laserscan} |
| 315 |
+ |
\includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{Figs/laserscan.pdf} |
| 316 |
+ |
} |
| 317 |
|
\caption{Plots computed during a gain scan run.} |
| 318 |
|
\end{center} |
| 319 |
|
\end{figure} |
| 320 |
< |
For each trigger sent to FEDs, the tick mark's top is sampled twice and all other samplings fall |
| 321 |
< |
on the baseline. The highest samples are used to estimate the higher limit of the signal |
| 322 |
< |
for a given gain/bias pair and the lower values provide an estimate of the lower limit. |
| 323 |
< |
For each gain value three plots are computed: in the first two the high and low edges of |
| 324 |
< |
the tick mark are represented as a function of bias (Fig.~\ref{fig:gainscan_basetop}) |
| 325 |
< |
and the third, being the difference between the former, represent the dynamic range |
| 326 |
< |
as a function of bias (Fig.~\ref{fig:gainscan_range}).\\ |
| 327 |
< |
For each laser these plots are created 4 times: one for each possible gain value. The best laser |
| 328 |
< |
gain is computed as that providing an overall gain as close as possible to a given optimal value, |
| 329 |
< |
the overall gain being estimated as the slope of the first two curves in their central section. |
| 330 |
< |
The best bias value is taken as the one maximising the tick mark height keeping |
| 331 |
< |
the maximum and minimum not saturated.\\ |
| 332 |
< |
After the run is completed, values proposed by TrackerOnline are shown to the user, who |
| 333 |
< |
intervenes if there is any abnormal proposed gain, which may indicate a problem either on the |
| 334 |
< |
AOH or on the fibre. |
| 335 |
< |
|
| 336 |
< |
\paragraph*{VPSP Scan:} |
| 337 |
< |
This is the first run with FEDs with the header finding function active. In this run the |
| 338 |
< |
trigger is dispatched also to modules, which send their data frames. |
| 339 |
< |
During this run a scan of VPSP parameter is performed on the modules, and for each value |
| 340 |
< |
their frames are acquired several times. As there is no physics |
| 341 |
< |
signal on the detectors, the sampled signal is a measurement of the pedestal of the analog channels. |
| 342 |
< |
The average strip pedestal is computed for every APV as a function of the VPSP parameter and |
| 343 |
< |
at the end of the run the best VPSP pedestal is computed as that which moves the baseline |
| 344 |
< |
to 1/3 of the dynamic range. This choice avoids setting a baseline too near the |
| 345 |
< |
lower saturation value leaving anyway enough range for possible signals from particles |
| 346 |
< |
($\sim 6$ MIP equivalent). |
| 347 |
< |
At the end of the run computed values are proposed to the user for approval and written |
| 348 |
< |
to the xml file. |
| 349 |
< |
|
| 320 |
> |
% |
| 321 |
> |
For each trigger sent to FEDs, the tick mark is sampled twice and all other samplings fall |
| 322 |
> |
on the baseline. The tick mark's top samples are used to estimate the higher limit of the signal |
| 323 |
> |
for a given gain/bias setting pair and the baseline samples provide an estimate of the lower limit. |
| 324 |
> |
For each gain setting the tick mark top samples and the baseline samples are measured as a |
| 325 |
> |
function of the bias, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:gainscan_basetop}. For |
| 326 |
> |
each bias setting their difference is the tick mark height, shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:gainscan_range}, |
| 327 |
> |
that represents the dynamic range as a function of the bias.\\ |
| 328 |
> |
The best bias setting for a given gain setting is taken as the one maximising the tick mark height keeping |
| 329 |
> |
the maximum and minimum not saturated, as pictorially represented in Fig.~\ref{fig:laserscan}. |
| 330 |
> |
The same measurement is done for each possible gain setting. |
| 331 |
> |
The best laser gain setting is the one providing an overall gain of |
| 332 |
> |
the optical chain as close as possible to the design one, 0.8~\cite{ref:gain}. |
| 333 |
> |
The overall gain is estimated from the slope of the curves of |
| 334 |
> |
Fig.~\ref{fig:gainscan_basetop} in their central section. |
| 335 |
> |
After the run is completed a set of values are proposed to the |
| 336 |
> |
user. Abnormal gain values may indicate a problem either on the AOH or |
| 337 |
> |
on the fibre and are investigated. |
| 338 |
> |
\item[VPSP Scan.] |
| 339 |
> |
This commissioning run is devoted to optimise the pedestal of |
| 340 |
> |
the APV25, i.e. the average output level in absence of any signal, with |
| 341 |
> |
respect to the dynamical range of the FEDs. This level is managed by a |
| 342 |
> |
specific APV25 register, know as {\em VPSP}, which controls a voltage |
| 343 |
> |
setting within the deconvolution circuitry. The procedure consists of |
| 344 |
> |
a scan of VPSP values while acquiring data frames from modules in the |
| 345 |
> |
standard way. |
| 346 |
> |
%%, i.e. trigger sent to the modules and FEDs in |
| 347 |
> |
%%``header finding'' mode. |
| 348 |
> |
In the final tracker operation the optimal VPSP setting correspond to a pedestal baseline placed |
| 349 |
> |
around 1/3 of the available dynamic range. This is a good compromise to keep |
| 350 |
> |
the baseline not too close the lower saturation value while leaving a good |
| 351 |
> |
range for particle signals, corresponding to $\sim 6$ MIP. |
| 352 |
> |
During the integration tests the only important point is to keep the baseline |
| 353 |
> |
away from the saturation levels; in such a way the module noise measurements will |
| 354 |
> |
not be affected by the wrong common mode subtractions which are present in case |
| 355 |
> |
of events with baseline saturation. |
| 356 |
> |
At the end of the run a set of values are proposed to the user for |
| 357 |
> |
approval and in case written in the relevant xml file. |
| 358 |
|
\begin{figure} |
| 359 |
|
\begin{center} |
| 360 |
< |
\subfigure[Strip pedestals of a module in ADC counts vs.\ strip number.] |
| 360 |
> |
%\subfigure[Strip pedestals of a module in ADC counts vs.\ strip number.] |
| 361 |
> |
\subfigure[] |
| 362 |
|
{ |
| 363 |
|
\label{fig:saturationpedestal} |
| 364 |
|
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{Figs/saturation_pedestal.pdf} |
| 365 |
|
} |
| 366 |
|
\hspace{5mm} |
| 367 |
< |
\subfigure[Strip noise of a module in ADC counts vs.\ strip number.] |
| 367 |
> |
%\subfigure[Strip noise of a module in ADC counts vs.\ strip number.] |
| 368 |
> |
\subfigure[] |
| 369 |
|
{ |
| 370 |
|
\label{fig:saturationnoise} |
| 371 |
|
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{Figs/saturation_noise.pdf} |
| 372 |
|
} |
| 373 |
< |
\caption{The pedestal of strips after \#{}640 is low, approaching to the bottom of the |
| 374 |
< |
dynamic range, and their noise is therefore lower.} |
| 373 |
> |
\caption{Pedestal (left) and noise (right) vs. strip number for a 6 APV25 module. |
| 374 |
> |
The pedestals of strips after strip \#{}640 are low, approaching to the bottom of the |
| 375 |
> |
dynamic range. Their noise is therefore altered with respect to the not saturated |
| 376 |
> |
channels.} |
| 377 |
|
\label{fig:saturation} |
| 378 |
|
\end{center} |
| 379 |
|
\end{figure} |
| 380 |
< |
This run is not normally performed during the integration, as a default value was set on |
| 381 |
< |
all the APVs after a measurement on a sample. Anyway it is sometimes needed because the optimal |
| 382 |
< |
VPSP value may change from APV to APV and is also strongly dependent on temperature. |
| 383 |
< |
An example of this is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:saturation}, where |
| 384 |
< |
only a few readout channels suffer from a signal saturation, while most of the strips of a module |
| 385 |
< |
are placed correctly inside the dynamic range. |
| 386 |
< |
This usually happens because the pedestal values of the channels of an APV are different one |
| 387 |
< |
from another and may have a dependency on the strip index like that shown in |
| 388 |
< |
Fig.~\ref{fig:saturationpedestal}. |
| 389 |
< |
In these cases when the pedestal of a strip approaches to the edge of dynamic range the |
| 390 |
< |
APV-AOH output is no more linear and the channel's RMS is lower, (see Fig.~\ref{fig:saturationnoise}). |
| 391 |
< |
This is one of the most frequent problems with the pedestals and it is solved |
| 392 |
< |
by a VPSP scan. |
| 393 |
< |
|
| 394 |
< |
\paragraph*{Pedestal and Noise:} |
| 395 |
< |
This is the main run for qualifying the detector performances during |
| 396 |
< |
the integration. The 400V bias are applied to the module under test which are |
| 397 |
< |
also checked for any possible overcurrent or breakdown.\\ |
| 398 |
< |
Triggers are sent to the modules and FEDs are placed in header recognition mode. |
| 348 |
< |
All the analogue frames from the modules are acquired and for each channel both the average value |
| 349 |
< |
and the RMS are computed. |
| 350 |
< |
Two analyses are performed on these data: one is done online by the TrackerOnline software, and |
| 351 |
< |
another one is performed offline through procedures taken from the ORCA package (ORCA was the |
| 352 |
< |
official reconstruction package of CMS at the time, now substituted by CMSSW) and run |
| 353 |
< |
on the files containing the raw data as acquired by FEDs in just the same way as it would |
| 354 |
< |
do with data coming to a Filter Farm.\\ |
| 380 |
> |
The VPSP scan is not sistematically performed during the integration, |
| 381 |
> |
since the default VPSP setting is adequate in most of the |
| 382 |
> |
cases. Nevertheless, VPSP optimal values change considerably within |
| 383 |
> |
the APV25 population and are strongly temperature dependent and is |
| 384 |
> |
rather common to have a stuation in which the pedestal of few readout |
| 385 |
> |
channels approaches to the lower edge of dynamic range |
| 386 |
> |
(Fig.~\ref{fig:saturationpedestal}) resulting in a lower RMS (see |
| 387 |
> |
Fig.~\ref{fig:saturationnoise}). The VPSP scan allows for this issue to be |
| 388 |
> |
fixed. |
| 389 |
> |
\item[Pedestal and Noise Run.] |
| 390 |
> |
This is the main run type for qualifying the performances during |
| 391 |
> |
the integration. Tipically a bias of 400V is applied to the modules |
| 392 |
> |
under test to check for any possible overcurrent or breakdown.\\ |
| 393 |
> |
Triggers are sent to the modules and FEDs work in ``header finding'' mode. |
| 394 |
> |
All the analogue frames from the modules are collected two analyses |
| 395 |
> |
are performed on these data: online, by the TrackerOnline |
| 396 |
> |
software; offline, in a way very similar to the final experiment algorythms. |
| 397 |
> |
%by using algorythms of the ORCA package~\cite{bib:orca}, the CMS |
| 398 |
> |
%reconstruction package at that time, now replaced by CMSSW. |
| 399 |
|
The average value of the signal read on each strip is an estimate of |
| 400 |
|
its pedestal, while the RMS is a good estimate of its noise, provided that the noise itself |
| 401 |
|
is Gaussian, which is true to a first approximation. This value is often referred to as |
| 402 |
< |
\textit{raw noise}, as opposed to the \textit{common-mode subtracted noise} (or CMN). The latter |
| 403 |
< |
can be computed after pedestals are measured, which happens after the first hundreds of frames |
| 404 |
< |
are acquired. |
| 405 |
< |
The common mode noise subtraction performed by ORCA and TrackerOnline is similar to that |
| 406 |
< |
performed by the final FEDs. |
| 407 |
< |
This subtraction |
| 408 |
< |
eliminates the Common Mode Noise contribution to a specific event. After the Common |
| 409 |
< |
Mode Noise subtraction the noise can be computed again as the RMS of the remaining signal on strips |
| 410 |
< |
and this new noise measurement is called Common Mode Subtracted Noise (or just CMN).\\ |
| 411 |
< |
Because of the difference in gain between the various optical links to compare the noise |
| 412 |
< |
on different APV pairs a renormalization is needed. |
| 413 |
< |
To implement this a gain measuring procedure to correct |
| 414 |
< |
noise measurements has been done. When FEDs acquire analogue frames, they store all acquired |
| 415 |
< |
raw data, comprising the samplings on the digital header. As the digital header has |
| 416 |
< |
the same amplitude on every APV, its measurement in terms of FED ADC counts |
| 417 |
< |
was used as an estimate of the relative gain of optical links. |
| 418 |
< |
This method allows a contextual measurement of noise and gain, and it is accurate, |
| 419 |
< |
provided that there is no signal saturation both on low and high values.\\ |
| 420 |
< |
The normalisation factor was chosen so as to bring the normalised header height to 220 ADC counts, |
| 377 |
< |
which was the value of header's height as it was read out in the module test setup |
| 378 |
< |
of the module production line. This allowed the scaled measurements to be easily |
| 379 |
< |
compared with those done during module production tests. Both normalised CMN noise and raw noise |
| 380 |
< |
are shown to the user, while only uncalibrated CMN noise is plotted as a reference. |
| 381 |
< |
Also the distribution of normalised CMN and raw strip noise is computed and shown to |
| 382 |
< |
complete the information. |
| 383 |
< |
|
| 402 |
> |
\textit{raw noise}, as opposed to the \textit{common-mode subtracted |
| 403 |
> |
noise} (or CMN). The latter is the RMS computed after having |
| 404 |
> |
subtracted the {\em common noise}, i.e. the correlated noise-like fluctuation |
| 405 |
> |
common to a given group of channels (tipically an entire APV25). |
| 406 |
> |
The common mode noise subtraction method implemented in |
| 407 |
> |
TrackerOnline is similar to that performed by the final FEDs.\\ |
| 408 |
> |
Because of the difference in gain between the various |
| 409 |
> |
optical links, noise comparison between different APV25 pairs requires a |
| 410 |
> |
normalization. This procedure relies on the digital |
| 411 |
> |
headers whose amplitude, being the same on each APV25, is used to |
| 412 |
> |
estimate of the relative gain of optical links so to apply an |
| 413 |
> |
appropriate correction. In such a way noise and gain are |
| 414 |
> |
simultaneously measured provided that the signal is not saturation both on low and high values. |
| 415 |
> |
The normalisation factor is chosen so as to bring the normalised |
| 416 |
> |
header height to 220 ADC counts, as measured in quality controls |
| 417 |
> |
during the module production. This allowed the scaled measurements to be easily |
| 418 |
> |
compared with those done during module production tests~\cite{ref:modtest}.\\ |
| 419 |
> |
At the end of the run, pedestal and noise profiles and distributions |
| 420 |
> |
are shown to the user. |
| 421 |
|
\begin{figure}[t!] |
| 422 |
|
\centering |
| 423 |
|
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Figs/noiseprofile.pdf} |
| 426 |
|
normalised noise).} |
| 427 |
|
\label{fig:noiseprofile} |
| 428 |
|
\end{figure} |
| 429 |
< |
Figure~\ref{fig:noiseprofile} shows an example of the output |
| 430 |
< |
at the end of a noise measurement run: the normalised raw noise and CMN and the uncalibrated CMN |
| 429 |
> |
Figure~\ref{fig:noiseprofile} shows an example of the noise output: |
| 430 |
> |
the normalised raw noise and CMN and the uncalibrated CMN |
| 431 |
|
for each strip are plotted against the strip index. The first 256 strips belong to the |
| 432 |
< |
first APV pair and are multiplexed to a single optical line and the strips from 257 to 512 |
| 433 |
< |
belong to the second APV pair. It can be noted here that the |
| 434 |
< |
raw noise without normalisation suffers from a different gain of optical links |
| 435 |
< |
and that after the normalisation procedures the noise level is the same |
| 436 |
< |
for the two APV pairs.\\ |
| 400 |
< |
At the end of this run, once the outcomes are showed to the user, he can decide whether to |
| 401 |
< |
store these data or to cancel the procedure. In the first case data are packed along with |
| 432 |
> |
first APV25 pair and are multiplexed to a single optical line and the strips from 257 to 512 |
| 433 |
> |
belong to the second APV25 pair. It can be noted here that the |
| 434 |
> |
raw noise without normalisation reflecs the different gain of |
| 435 |
> |
optical links, this is corrected by the normalisation procedure.\\ |
| 436 |
> |
If validated by the user, data are packed along with |
| 437 |
|
possible comments and sent to the central archive system, where they are processed |
| 438 |
< |
again and made available on a web page. The system also automatically recognises where |
| 439 |
< |
the modules where mounted by checking their DCU Hardware Id (which is written in the fec.xml file) |
| 440 |
< |
in the construction database, this information is stored in the test table of |
| 441 |
< |
the integration database and allows to build a geographical table of mounted modules with |
| 442 |
< |
a link to a page containing all the tests performed for each module.\\ |
| 438 |
> |
again and made available on a web page. |
| 439 |
> |
%The system also automatically recognises where |
| 440 |
> |
%the modules where mounted by checking their DCU Hardware Id (which is written in the fec.xml file) |
| 441 |
> |
%in the construction database, this information is stored in the test table of |
| 442 |
> |
%the integration database and allows to build a geographical table of mounted modules with |
| 443 |
> |
%a link to a page containing all the tests performed for each module.\\ |
| 444 |
> |
\end{description} |
| 445 |
|
|
| 446 |
|
%%%%%%% aggiunta C.G. |
| 447 |
< |
\subsubsection{Single Module} |
| 448 |
< |
After a module of a string was mounted, its basic functionalities were tested. |
| 449 |
< |
A fast test on the I$^2$C communication permitted to spot possible electrical problems |
| 450 |
< |
in the module front-end electronics in the AOH or in the mother cable. Since the safe removal of a MC |
| 451 |
< |
from the shell requires the dismounting of al the modules of a string, it is very important |
| 452 |
< |
to perform this test of as soon as the first module of a string is integrated. After the |
| 453 |
< |
I$^2$C test FecTool checks the identity of the components against the construction database. |
| 454 |
< |
The results of the tests can then be monitored through a web page. |
| 455 |
< |
|
| 456 |
< |
\subsubsection{String} |
| 457 |
< |
When the third and last module of a string is mounted the commissioning runs described in section~\ref{ref:test-description} are performed after the I$^2$C communication tests. The first run, ``Find connections'' permitted to check the full functionality of the AOH. Since the AOHs can be tested only after the modules are mounted this is the first test which can spot possibly broken fibres. It was necessary to perform this test after the integration of each string, because the subtitution of an AOH implies the dismounting of all the modules of the string mounted between the AOH and the front flange.\\ |
| 458 |
< |
After this test a ``Time Alignement'' run, a ``Laser scan'' run and finally a ``Pedestal and Noise'' run with HV on were performed. The ``Laser scan'' run was done limiting the laser gain to the lower value which was found to be optimal for all the AOHs in the integration setup. |
| 459 |
< |
|
| 460 |
< |
\subsubsection{Control Ring and Redundancy} |
| 461 |
< |
The control electronics can be fully tested only after complete assembly of a shell. This last test forsees a check of the correct operation of the ring and of the redundancy circuitry. A failure on a CCU or a control cable can be immediatly spotted as it causes the interruption of the ring; the communication with the other components is then checked using ProgramTest.\\ |
| 462 |
< |
Finally the test of redundancy circuitry is performed by-passing each CCU one by one and verifying the correct response of the ring. The test is successful only if both the primary and secondary circuits of the DOHM are working correctly and if the CCUs are connected in the right order to the DOHM ports. |
| 447 |
> |
The basic run types and tests described above are appropriately |
| 448 |
> |
combined according to the devices and/or the group of devices under test. |
| 449 |
> |
\begin{description} |
| 450 |
> |
\item[Single Module.] After a module is mounted, its basic |
| 451 |
> |
functionalities can be tested. In particular, a fast test on the |
| 452 |
> |
I$^2$C communication permits possible |
| 453 |
> |
electrical problems to be spotted in the module front-end electronics, |
| 454 |
> |
in the AOH or in the mother cable. For mother cable and AOH this is of |
| 455 |
> |
particular importance: an AOHs can be practically tested only |
| 456 |
> |
after the corresponding modules is mounted and this is the first |
| 457 |
> |
test which can spot possibly broken fibres; similarly for the MC, it |
| 458 |
> |
is very important to perform the test of as soon as possible. In |
| 459 |
> |
fact, a safe removal and replacement of either an AOH or the MC is a |
| 460 |
> |
difficult intervention possibly requiring the dismounting of many |
| 461 |
> |
modules already put in place. \\ |
| 462 |
> |
Since the |
| 463 |
> |
I$^2$C test FecTool checks the identity of the components with respect |
| 464 |
> |
to the construction database an alarm issued in case of mismatch. |
| 465 |
> |
The results of the tests can then be |
| 466 |
> |
monitored through a web page. |
| 467 |
> |
\item[String] |
| 468 |
> |
When the third and last module or double sided assembly is mounted on |
| 469 |
> |
a string, all the commissioning runs described above are performed |
| 470 |
> |
just after the I$^2$C communication tests. The ``Find |
| 471 |
> |
connections'' run allows for the devices accessibility to be checked. |
| 472 |
> |
Afterwards a ``Time Alignement'' run, a ``Laser scan'' run and |
| 473 |
> |
finally a ``Pedestal and Noise'' run with bias voltage at 400V are performed. The |
| 474 |
> |
``Laser scan'' run is done limiting the laser gain to the lower value |
| 475 |
> |
which is found to be enough for the integration setup needs. |
| 476 |
> |
\item[Control Ring and Redundancy.] |
| 477 |
> |
The control electronics can be fully tested only after complete |
| 478 |
> |
assembly of a shell. This last test forsees a check of the correct |
| 479 |
> |
operation of the ring and of the redundancy circuitry. A failure on a |
| 480 |
> |
CCU or a control cable can be immediatly spotted as it causes the |
| 481 |
> |
interruption of the ring; the communication with the other components |
| 482 |
> |
is then checked using ProgramTest. Finally the test of redundancy |
| 483 |
> |
circuitry is performed by-passing each CCU one by one and verifying |
| 484 |
> |
the correct response of the ring. The test is successful only if both |
| 485 |
> |
the primary and secondary circuits of the DOHM are working correctly |
| 486 |
> |
and if the CCUs are connected in the right order to the DOHM ports. |
| 487 |
|
%%%%%%%% fine aggiunta C.G. |
| 488 |
+ |
\end{description} |
| 489 |
|
|
| 490 |
|
\section{Safety of operations} |
| 491 |
|
The integration procedure posed many possible problems in the safety of operations, |
| 522 |
|
Even in the most stressing condition and after a few minutes of settling, |
| 523 |
|
the highest measured temperature on the lasers was $\sim 40^\circ \mathrm{C}$ |
| 524 |
|
(while it was $48^\circ \mathrm{C}$ on the hybrid). |
| 525 |
< |
These are safe temperatures |
| 525 |
> |
These are safe temperatures~\cite{ref:lasertemp} |
| 526 |
|
thus the integration tests could be performed without problems. |
