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Revision 1.3 by lino, Wed Jan 28 15:08:27 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.5 by carlo, Mon Apr 27 14:27:03 2009 UTC

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1 + \section{TIB and TID layout}
2 +
3 + TIB and TID are very compact objects with high readout granularity;
4 + channel and module densities are three to four times larger than in
5 + the other SST subsystems as shown in Table~\ref{table:Density} where
6 + the main parameters of the SST subsystems are
7 + reported.
8 + The TIB and TID layout has been designed keeping in mind their complexity:
9 + the mechanical structures have been simplified as much as possible,
10 + while the routing of the services (cooling, readout, controls) has been
11 + adapted to the very high channel density making use of all accessible
12 + paths inside the detector.
13 +
14 + %matching the
15 + %following features: simple mechanical structure; easy routing of the
16 + %large number of service connections (cooling, readout, controls); easy
17 + %component mounting in the case of the TIB non-planar (cylindrical)
18 + %geometry; optimization the theta (and phi?) for the TID.
19 +
20 + The TIB is structured in four concentric layers. Each layer is
21 + split along the vertical plane at $z=0$ into two almost identical half-layers. Each
22 + half-layer is further split along the horizontal at $y=0$ into two semi-cylindrical
23 + structures, also referred to as ``shells''.
24 + Both spilts in $\phi$ and $z$ are done ins such a way that the sensor surfaces always
25 + overlap leaving no dead area when measuring high momentum charged particles coming
26 + from the interaction region.
27 + The shell structure is a
28 + semi-cylindrical carbon fiber assembly strenghten by two circular
29 + flanges at both ends. To decrease their density and to provide a better accessibility
30 + during integration, modules and services are hold
31 + either on the external and the internal surfaces. The services are laid down on
32 + the surface and run parallel to the $z$ axis.
33 + % on the surface toward the end (i.e. in the
34 + %direction along which $|z|$ increases).
35 + The modules and the related
36 + services that sit on the same side of a shell at the same $\phi$
37 + coordinate constitute a \textit{string}.
38 +
39 + The TID is split into six disks (three per each side of
40 + TIB). The disk is made up by three sub-disks called "rings" since each
41 + ring holds modules at the same radius. The ring structure consists of
42 + a mechanical support made of an annular carbon fiber honeycomb.
43 + Also in this case modules and services are located on both sides
44 + of the mechanical structure.
45 + %to decrease the density
46 + %and therefore providing a better accessibility during ring integration
47 + %and  disk assembly.
48 +
49 + The TIB/TID system is physically
50 + divided into two separated structures, one located in the
51 + $z > 0$ region and one located in the $z < 0$ region and known as
52 + TIB/TID+ and TIB/TID- respectively. Each TID+ and TID- is obtained by
53 + inserting, positioning and fixing the three disks into a carbon fiber
54 + cylinder called {\it Service Cylinder}. Each Service Cylinder has
55 + several holes at the disk positions; this allow the
56 + connection of the power lines and to route out all the fibers of the
57 + disk. The Service Cylinder is also used to connect mechanically TIB+/-
58 + and TID+/-, and to route out the services of the TIB and of the TID.
59 +
60 + The cooling in the TIB/TID is distributed via aluminum pipe circuits  
61 + that  are bent into loops and soldered to inlet/outlet manifolds at
62 + the flange for the TIB, and at the ring outer edge for the TID.
63 + The thermal connection between pipes and sensor modules is made with Aluminum ledges which are
64 + precisely glued on the carbon fiber support structure and in good thermal contact with the pipes.
65 + On each ledge there are two threaded M1 holes onto which the modules are tightened.
66 + Precisely drilled slots, coaxial with the threaded holes, are the reference point where
67 + insets are stick in providing mechanical reference for modules. An example for a TIB module
68 + is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:module_cooling}).
69 +
70 + The TIB and TID substructures, 16 shells and 18 rings, are relatively
71 + large-sized objects: one shell holds 135 to 216 modules, one ring holds 40 to 48 modules.
72 + Some other relevant specifications of the TIB and TID substructures are
73 + summarized in Table~\ref{table:layers}.
74 + A finished half of the TIB and a TID Disk are shown in
75 + Fig.~\ref{fig:tibtid}. The pictures allow the sub-structures to be
76 + recognized.
77 +
78 +
79 +
80 + \begin{figure}[!htb]
81 + \begin{center}
82 +  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Figs/shell.pdf}
83 + %  \includegraphics[height=0.5\textwidth]{Figs/TIB-assembled.pdf}
84 +  \hskip 1cm
85 +  \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Figs/TIB_barrel.png}
86 + \end{center}
87 + \caption{A L3 TIB shell (left panel) and half of TIB assembled (right panel).}
88 + \label{fig:tib}       % Give a unique label
89 + \end{figure}
90 +
91 + \begin{figure}[!htb]
92 + \begin{center}
93 +  \includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth]{Figs/ring.pdf}
94 + %  \includegraphics[height=0.5\textwidth]{Figs/TIB-assembled.pdf}
95 +  \hskip 3cm
96 +  \includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth]{Figs/TID-disk.pdf}
97 + \end{center}
98 + \caption{A TID ring 1 assembled (left panel) and one complete TID disk (right panel).}
99 + \label{fig:tid}       % Give a unique label
100 + \end{figure}
101 +
102 +
103 + \begin{table}[!htb]
104 + \begin{center}
105 + %\begin{tabular}{|l||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
106 + \caption[smallcaption]{Total number of modules, strips (or electronic readout channels), detector volume and
107 + channel density for the different tracker subsystems. Service access area is also defined
108 + for barrel geometry detectors (TIB and TOB) as their flange area. The channel density in this
109 + area gives also an idea of the complexity of the detector integration.}
110 + \label{table:Density}
111 + \begin{tabular}{|l|ccccccc|}
112 + \hline
113 + &         &          &        & Module   & Channel                    & Service  & Service              \\
114 + & \# of   &\# of     & Volume & Density   & Density                    & Area & Density             \\
115 + & modules & channels & [m$^3$]& [$\times 10^3$  m$^{-3}$] & [$\times 10^6$ ch m$^{-3}$] & [m$^2$] &  [$\times 10^6$ ch m$^{-2}$]\\
116 + %\hline
117 + \hline
118 + TIB & 2724 & 1 787 904 & 0.82 & 3.2 &  2.2 & 1.6 & 1.11\\
119 + %\hline
120 + TID & 816 & 565 248 & 0.5 & 1.6  & 1.1  & & \\
121 + %\hline
122 + TOB & 5208 & 3 096 576 & 5.9 & 0.89  & 0.52 & 5.7 & 0.54\\
123 + %\hline
124 + TEC & 6400 & 3 866 624 & 11 & 0.58 & 0.35  & & \\
125 + \hline
126 + \end{tabular}
127 + \end{center}
128 + \end{table}
129 +
130 +
131 + \begin{table}[!htb]
132 + \begin{center}
133 + \caption[smallcaption]{Details on the different layers/rings of the TIB/TID. }
134 + \label{table:layers}
135 + %\begin{tabular}{|l||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
136 + \begin{tabular}{|l|ccccccc|}
137 + \hline
138 + Layer & \# mechanical & \# cooling  &  DS/SS & \# of modules  & \# of channels & \# Control & \# Mother  \\  
139 +       &   structures  &  circuits    &  layer &  total         & per module         &  Rings     &  Cables  \\
140 + \hline
141 + % \hline
142 + TIB L1  & 4 shells & 12 & DS & 672 & 768 & 24 & 112 \\
143 + TIB L2  & 4 shells & 16 & DS & 864 & 768 & 32 & 144 \\
144 + TIB L3  & 4 shells & 12 & SS & 540 & 512 & 12 & 180 \\
145 + TIB L4  & 4 shells & 16 & SS & 648 & 512 & 16 & 216 \\
146 + TID R1  & 6 rings  & 24 & DS & 288 & 768 & 12 & 48 \\
147 + TID R2  & 6 rings  & 24 & DS & 288 & 768 & 12 & 48 \\
148 + TID R3  & 6 rings  & 24 & SS & 240 & 512 & 12 & 48 \\
149 + \hline
150 + \end{tabular}
151 + \end{center}
152 + \end{table}
153 +
154 +
155 + %\subsection{Mechanical Structures}
156 +
157 + %A TIB shell is shown on Fig.~\ref{fig:tibshell}).
158 +
159 + %Each cooling loop hosts three modules placed in a straight row, which is called a
160 + %A string of modules is connected to the same CCU, thus forming a control branch.
161 +
162 + %\begin{figure}
163 + %\centering
164 + %\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{   }
165 + %\caption{TIB shell: are visible the internal and external parts, the cooling pipes and the string}
166 + %\label{fig:tibshell}
167 + %\end{figure}
168 +
169 +
170 + %\begin{figure}
171 + %\centering
172 + %\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{   }
173 + %\caption{TID ring }
174 + %\label{fig:tidring}
175 + %\end{figure}
176 +
177 +
178 +
179 + \begin{figure}
180 + \centering
181 + \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{Figs/module_cooling.pdf}
182 + \caption{Module Cooling.
183 + \textbf{Upper picture:} part of a cooling loop with six ledges to hold three modules and three
184 + smaller ledges to hold Analog Opto-Hybrids (adjacent cooling circuits are partially visible).
185 + \textbf{Lower picture:} a detail of a cooling loop. The cooling fluid direction
186 + is evidenced with blue arrows, and the precision holes for module insertion are circled in
187 + red. A module mounted on the nearby position is also visible.}
188 + \label{fig:module_cooling}
189 + \end{figure}

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