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Revision: 1.21
Committed: Sat Jun 28 01:19:57 2008 UTC (16 years, 10 months ago) by vuko
Content type: application/x-tex
Branch: MAIN
CVS Tags: draft0
Changes since 1.20: +7 -5 lines
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final edit before draft0

File Contents

# User Rev Content
1 smorovic 1.1 \section{Signal extraction}
2 beaucero 1.6 \label{sec:SignalExt}
3 ymaravin 1.10 We separate backgrounds into two categories: one with a genuine \Z boson
4     from $\Z+jets$ processes, and the other without a genuine \Z boson from
5     $t\bar{t}$ and $\W+jet$ production. The latter source can be estimated from
6     the invariant mass of the \Z boson candidate, where the background events
7     with no genuine \Z boson should not produce a \Z mass peak and should
8     be relatively smooth.
9    
10     \subsection{Study of the background without a genuine \Z boson}
11     We estimate the background due to events without a genuine \Z boson from
12     fitting a \Z candidate invariant mass to a Gaussian function convoluted
13     with a Breit-Wigner function. The background is parameterized as a straight
14     line. An example of a fit for $3e$ category is given in Fig.~\ref{fig:ZFit}.
15     Both number of signal and background events are calculated for the
16     invariant mass range between 81 and 101 GeV. In Table~\ref{tab:FitVsMC}
17     we summarize the number of background events obtained from the fit
18     and from the Monte Carlo truth information.
19    
20 beaucero 1.8 \begin{figure}[!bp]
21     \begin{center}
22     \scalebox{0.4}{\includegraphics{figs/FitBkg3eTight.eps}}
23 vuko 1.21 \caption{The invariant mass distribution of the $Z$ boson candidate that is fitted to a signal
24 ymaravin 1.10 parameterized as a Gaussian function convoluted with a Breit-Wigner function and
25     a background, parameterized as a straight line.}
26 beaucero 1.8 \label{fig:ZFit}
27     \end{center}
28     \end{figure}
29    
30 beaucero 1.12 \begin{table}[!tb]
31     \begin{center}
32     \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline
33     & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Background with genuine \Z} & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{Background without
34     genuine \Z boson} \\
35     Channel & $\Z+jets$ & $\Z b\bar{b}$ & $t\bar{t}$ & $\W+jets$ & $t\bar{t}$ + $\W+jets$ & Fit result \\ \hline
36 beaucero 1.15 $3e$ Loose & 148.6 & 41.8 & 5.4 & 1.2 & 6.6& 4.4 $\pm$ 1.2 \\ \hline
37     $3e$ Tight & 51.9 & 17.3 & 3.3 & 1.3 & 4.6 & 3.7 $\pm$ 1.1 \\ \hline
38     $2\mu 1e$ Loose & 184.3 & 51.2 & 6.3 & 0 & 6.3 & 2.8 $\pm$ 1.0\\ \hline
39     $2\mu 1e$ Tight & 50.2 & 18.9 & 2.8 & 0 & 2.8 & 4.6 $\pm$ 1.3\\ \hline
40     $2e1\mu$ & 7.3 & 8.0 & 3.8 & 1.3 & 4.1 & 0.7 $\pm$ 0.5\\ \hline
41     $3\mu$ & 1.8 & 7.8 & 1.2 & 0 & 1.2 & 0.5 $\pm$ 0.4\\ \hline
42 beaucero 1.12 \end{tabular}
43     \end{center}
44 beaucero 1.13 \caption{Comparison between Monte Carlo truth information and the results of the fit for the background without genuine \Z boson. Number of events are obtained in the invariant mass range between 81 and 101 GeV. The ``Loose'' and ``Tight'' selection criteria applied for $W\rightarrow e\nu$ final state only.
45 ymaravin 1.10 %I AM NOT SURE I UNDERSTAND WHAT IS WRITTEN HERE
46 beaucero 1.13 % One has to consider that this study as been perform on a smaller sample than the other part of the analysis a 10\% statistics error as to be counted until the study is performed on the whole samples.
47 beaucero 1.8 }
48 beaucero 1.12 \label{tab:FitVsMC}
49     \end{table}
50 beaucero 1.8
51    
52 ymaravin 1.10 \subsection{Estimation of the background with genuine \Z boson}
53 beaucero 1.8 \label{sec:D0Matrix}
54 ymaravin 1.10 All of the instrumental background events with real \Z boson come from
55 beaucero 1.13 $\Z + jets$ processes where one of the jets is misidentified as a
56     lepton. The same principle will be used for electron and muon while
57     the background is coming from differente sources.
58 ymaravin 1.10 The probability to misidentify a jet as a muon is very low in CMS, while that
59     for the case of electron can be quite high as jets with large electromagnetic
60     energy fraction can be misidentified as electrons. $\Z+jet$ background
61     is especially high for \WZ\ signal with $\W\to e\nu$. Thus, it is imperative
62     to have a reliable estimation of this background from data to avoid
63     unnecessary systematic uncertainties due to Monte Carlo description of data
64     in startup conditions. Therefore, in the following we describe the data-driven
65     estimation of the $\Z+jets$ background for the $\ell^+\ell^- e$
66     categories. A similar study for the remaining $\ell^+\ell^- \mu$ categories
67     are in progress. However, as the $\Z+jets$ background is sufficiently small, it is
68     possible to use Monte Carlo simulation to estimate $\Z+jet$ background with
69     early data, without incurring significant systematic uncertainty due to data modeling.
70    
71     \subsubsection{$\Z+jets$ background fraction}
72     To estimate the fraction of the $\Z+jets$ events in data
73     we apply a method, commonly referred to as ``matrix'' method.
74     The idea of a method is to apply ``Loose'' identification criteria
75     on the third lepton after \Z boson candidate is identified
76     and count the number of the observed events, $N_{loose}$.
77     These events contain events with real electrons $N_{e}$
78     and events with misidentified jets $N_j$:
79     \begin{equation}
80 vuko 1.21 \label{eq:matrixEq1}
81 ymaravin 1.10 N_{loose} = N_e + N_j.
82     \end{equation}
83 beaucero 1.4
84 ymaravin 1.10 If we are to apply ``Tight'' selection on the third lepton, the number
85     of the observed events $N_{tight}$ would change as following
86     \begin{equation}
87 vuko 1.21 \label{eq:matrixEq2}
88 ymaravin 1.10 N_{tight} = \epsilon_{tight} N_e + p_{fake} N_j,
89     \end{equation}
90     where $\epsilon_{tight}$ and $p_{fake}$ are efficiency of ``Tight''
91     criteria with respect to ``Loose'' requirements for electrons and
92     misidentified jets, respectively. As $N_{loose}$ and $N_{tight}$
93     are directly observable, to extract the number of $Z+jet$ events
94     in the final sample, one needs to measure $\epsilon_{tight}$
95     and $p_{fake}$ in control data samples. Two possible ways
96     to estimate these values are given below.
97 smorovic 1.1
98 beaucero 1.8 \subsubsection{Determination of $\epsilon_{tight}$}
99 smorovic 1.9
100 vuko 1.11 % UNDEERSTAND THIS FIT: THIS CANNOT BE SHOWN AS IT IS!!!
101     %\begin{figure}[bt]
102     % \begin{center}
103     % \scalebox{0.8}{\includegraphics{figs/tag_probe_fit.eps}}
104     % \caption{Invariant mass of the \Z boson candidate for ``Tight-Tight'' (a)
105     % and ``Tight-Loose'' (b) electron selections fitted to a Gaussian with
106     % bifurcated Breit-Wigner functions.}
107     % \label{fig:tagprobe}
108     % \end{center}
109     %\end{figure}
110 smorovic 1.9
111 ymaravin 1.10 To estimate the $\epsilon_{tight}$ we apply ``tag-and-probe'' method
112     using $\Z \to e^+e^-$ from \Z+jets Chowder sample, including \W+jets
113 smorovic 1.9 and $t\bar{t}$ as background. \Z mass distribution is separated for two cases where
114 ymaravin 1.10 electrons from \Z decay either both pass ``Tigh'' selection (``Tight-Tight'' case), or only
115     one passes the ``Tight'' selection, while the other electron passes ``Loose'' but not ``Tight''
116 beaucero 1.16 selection (``Tight-Loose'' case).
117     %To estimate signal in the selected \Z candidate invariant mass distribution, we fit it to a Gaussisan with bifurcated Breit-Wigner function as a signal
118     %and straight line for a background model. \Z mass distribution and fit are shown in \ref{fig:tagprobe}.
119 smorovic 1.9
120     Equation for determination of signal efficiency is given as
121     \begin{equation}
122     \epsilon_{tight}=\frac{ 2*(N_{TT}-B_{TT}) }{ (N_{TL}-B_{TL})+2*(N_{TT}-B_{TT}) }
123     \end{equation}
124    
125 ymaravin 1.10 where $N_{TT}$,$B_{TT}$,$N_{TL}$ and $B_{TL}$ are, respectively, number of signal+background
126     and background events for ``Tight-Tight'' and ``Loose-Tight'' electron combinations.
127 beaucero 1.16 We estimated an efficiency $\epsilon_{tight}=0.98 \pm 0.01$.
128 smorovic 1.9
129 ymaravin 1.10 \subsubsection{Determination of $p_{fake}$}
130    
131     As the events will be most of the time triggered by the leptons coming
132     from \Z boson, we assume that the third lepton is unbiased toward the
133     trigger requirement. Ideally, we need a sample of pure multi-jet events
134     in order to compute the probability for a jet identified as a loose
135     electron to be also identified as a tight electron. In selecting such
136     a sample in data, one has to avoid any bias from the trigger
137     requirements on the ``Loose'' electron candidate.
138     %Such sample will not
139     %exist in data as they will be bias by the trigger requirement.
140     \begin{figure}[bt]
141     \begin{center}
142     \scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{figs/tight_eff_gumbo.eps}}
143     \caption{Fraction of electron candidates passing the ``Tight'' criteria
144 vuko 1.11 in multijet event. No trigger requirement has been applied.{\em NEW PLOT
145     WITH TRIGGER REQUIREMENTS TO COME}}
146 ymaravin 1.10 \label{fig:qcd_efftight_noHLT}
147     \end{center}
148     \end{figure}
149    
150 beaucero 1.18 \begin{figure}[!bt]
151 vuko 1.14 \begin{center}
152     \scalebox{0.6}{\includegraphics{figs/p0_p_fake_mu_fit.eps}}
153     \caption{Determination of $p_{fake}$ for muons. Top plot: $p_t$ spectrum
154     of muons passing the ``Loose'' and ``Tight'' criteria in $b\bar{b}$ events
155     accepted by electron triggers; bottom plot:
156     fraction of muon candidates passing the ``Tight'' criteria. A constant fit
157     is overlayed.}
158     \label{fig:mu_pfake}
159     \end{center}
160     \end{figure}
161    
162    
163    
164 ymaravin 1.10 From a sample of multijet events triggered by an ``OR'' of multi-jet
165     triggers, we select a ``Loose'' electron candidate that are not
166     matched to any of the trigger objects. We also require the
167     electron candidate to be separated from the jet that satisfies
168     the trigger requirement by requiring the candidate to be separated
169 beaucero 1.16 %by at least $\Delta R = 0.2$
170     from the trigger object.
171 ymaravin 1.10 This allows us to obtain an unbiased sample of multijet events
172     where an electron candidate is likely to be either a converted
173     photon or a misidentified jet. The $p_{fake}$ function of $p_T$
174     and $\eta$ is simply obtained by dividing the $p_T$ and $\eta$
175     distributions for the electron candidate that satisfied ``Simple Tight''
176     electron identification requirements to that for electron candidates
177 vuko 1.20 that satisfied ``Simple Loose''. We estimate the $p_{fake}=0.32 \pm 0.1$ for
178     electrons.
179    
180    
181 vuko 1.17 For muons, a similar procedure has been applied. Since the bulk
182     of background muons is coming from heavy quark decays, we select
183     a $b\bar{b}$ sample as control sample. As an exercise, we selected
184     electron-triggered events on a $b\bar{b}$ Monte Carlo sample,
185     required one ``loose electron'' in the event and looked for
186     for muon candidates that are not close to the electron candidate,
187     and determined $p_{fake}$ on this sample of muons. The $p_t$ spectrum
188     for ``loose'' and ``tight'' muons and their ratio is shown in
189 vuko 1.20 Figure~\ref{fig:mu_pfake}. The factor $p_{fake}$ for muons estimated
190     in this way amounts to $0.08 \pm 0.01$.
191 vuko 1.17
192    
193     \subsubsection{Background determination results}
194    
195     Using the values of $\epsilon_{tight}$ and $p_{fake}$ obtained
196     from the methods described in the previous sections, we estimated
197     the backgrounds from genuine Z decays by solving equations
198 vuko 1.21 (\ref{eq:matrixEq1}) and (\ref{eq:matrixEq2}) for $N_j$. The estimated
199 beaucero 1.18 background through this method is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:CrossCheckBkg}.
200     \begin{figure}[!bt]
201     \begin{center}
202 beaucero 1.19 \scalebox{0.55}{\includegraphics{figs/Matrix2mu1e.eps}}\scalebox{0.27}{\includegraphics{figs/Matrix3mu.eps}}
203 vuko 1.21 \caption{Comparison of the background obtained by adding monte carlo information from $Z+jets$, $Z+b\bar{b}$, $t\bar{t}$ and $W+jets$ process and the one using the successively fitting estimation and the matrix estimation. Invariante mass distribution of the two leptons is shown when for the $2\mu1e$ channel a) loose selection is applied, b) tight selection is applied on the third lepton and c) for the $3\mu$ channel when a tight selection is applied on the third lepton.
204 beaucero 1.18 A constant value as been used for the $p_{fake}$ variable.Errors are only statistical.
205     }
206     \label{fig:CrossCheckBkg}
207     \end{center}
208     \end{figure}
209 vuko 1.21
210